Camelidae single-domain antibodies against Yersinia pestis and methods of use

ABSTRACT

Single-domain antibodies (SAbs) against three  Yersinia pestis  surface proteins (LcrV, YscF, and F1), nucleic acid sequences encoding the SAbs, and polypeptides comprising two or more SAbs capable of recognizing two or more epitopes and/or antigens. The present invention further includes methods for preventing or treating  Y. pestis  infections in a patient; methods for detecting and/or diagnosing  Y. pestis  infections; and devices and methods for identifying and/or detecting  Y. pestis  on a surface and/or in an environment.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of co-pending U.S. application Ser. No. 16/023,723, filed Jun. 29, 2018, which was a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 13/906,386, filed May 31, 2013, which claimed the benefit of and priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/653,488, filed on May 31, 2012. The disclosure of each application is incorporated herein by reference, in its entirety.

RIGHTS OF THE GOVERNMENT

The invention described herein may be manufactured and used by or for the Government of the United States for all governmental purposes without the payment of any royalty.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Field of the Invention

This invention relates generally to the field of single-domain antibodies. More particularly, it relates to single-domain antibodies and polypeptides against Yersinia pestis, nucleic acid sequences encoding the single-domain antibodies, and methods of using the same.

Description of the Related Art

Increasing threats of bioterrorism have led to the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic tools for pathogens that can potentially be used as biological weapons. Many of these pathogens, such as the causative agents of plague, anthrax, and tularemia, are relatively easy to manipulate via genetic engineering and may be designed to evade detection by sensor devices. Many of these biological weapons candidates also display resistance to current medical treatments. To be useful, a diagnostic tool must be sensitive and specific, as well as able to withstand the extreme conditions often encountered in the field. The value of a therapeutic tool is largely determined by parameters such as toxicity, immunogenicity, and efficacy after administration. In addition, the therapeutic tool may be required to treat large number of people in the event of a bioterrorism attack. All of these requirements highlight the importance of a long shelf life and the production costs of biological weapon-related diagnostics and therapeutics.

Members of the family Camelidae, which includes alpacas, camels, and llamas, produce conventional antibodies, as well as antibodies consisting only of a dimer of heavy-chain polypeptides. The N-terminal domain of these heavy chain-only antibodies, which is referred to as VHH, is variable in sequence, and it is the sole domain that interacts with the cognate antigen. Because of their small size (12-15 kDa, 2.2 nm diameter, and 4 nm height), VHHs are also known as single-domain antibodies (SAbs), which are commercially-available as NANOBODIES (NANOBODY and NANOBODIES are registered trademarks of Ablynx N.V., Belgium).

SAbs make attractive as tools for biological weapon detection due to their high affinity and specificity for their respective targets and their high stability and solubility. Their small size gives SAbs the unique ability to recognize and bind to areas of an antigen that are often not normally accessible to full-size antibodies due to steric hindrance and other size constraints. In addition, SAbs may be economically produced in large quantities, and their sequences are relatively easy to tailor to a specific application. These properties, as well as their low immunogenicity, make SAbs uniquely suited for detection, diagnostics, and immunotherapeutics.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention includes a composition comprising at least one single-domain antibody against one or more Yersinia pestis (Y. pestis) surface proteins, in which the one or more Y. pestis surface proteins are selected from the group consisting of YscF, F1, and LcrV, with each single-domain antibody comprising four framing regions (FRs) and three complementarity determining regions (CDRs), in which the at least one single-domain antibody is selected from the group consisting of: (1) at least one single-domain antibody comprising one CDR1 sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs:1-7, one CDR2 sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs:27-33, and one CDR3 sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs:54-60; (2) at least one single-domain antibody comprising one CDR1 sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs:8-19, one CDR2 sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs:34-47, and one CDR3 sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs:61-71, AEY, and PGY; and (3) at least one single-domain antibody comprising one CDR1 sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs:20-26, one CDR2 sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs:48-53, and one CDR3 sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs:72-78 and GNI, with the four framing regions of each single-domain antibody comprising one FR1 sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs:79-102, one FR2 sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs:103-120, one FR3 sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs:121-146, and one FR4 sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs:147-153.

In one embodiment, the at least one single-domain antibody is selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs:154-160, 168-185, and 204-217. In a further embodiment, the at least one single-domain antibody further comprises at least one of a protein tag, a protein domain tag, or a chemical tag.

In one embodiment, the composition comprises a plurality of single-domain antibodies against a single Y. pestis surface protein. In another embodiment, at least a portion of the plurality of single-domain antibodies is against different epitopes on the single Y. pestis surface protein. In another embodiment, the composition comprises a plurality of single-domain antibodies against at least two Y. pestis surface proteins.

In an alternative embodiment, the composition comprises a plurality of single-domain antibodies further comprising a polypeptide. In one embodiment, the plurality of single-domain antibodies comprising the polypeptide are against a single Y. pestis surface protein. In another embodiment, at least a portion of the plurality of single-domain antibodies comprising the polypeptide are against different epitopes on the single Y. pestis surface protein. In another embodiment, the plurality of single-domain antibodies comprising the polypeptide are against at least two Y. pestis surface proteins.

In a further embodiment, the polypeptide comprises a fusion protein. In another embodiment, the polypeptide comprises a multivalent protein complex, with the single-domain antibodies being joined together with at least one linker molecule. In a further embodiment, at least one of the plurality of single-domain antibodies comprising the polypeptide further comprises at least one of a protein tag, a protein domain tag, or a chemical tag.

The present invention further includes at least one isolated nucleotide sequence encoding the at least one single-domain antibody, wherein the at least one isolated nucleotide sequence is selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs:164-170, 189-206, and 221-234.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a graph of the binding response of IgG isolated from an immune alpaca to Y. pestis YscF (ELISA).

FIG. 2 is a graph of the binding response of IgG isolated from an immune alpaca to Y. pestis F1 (ELISA).

FIG. 3 is a graph of the binding response of IgG isolated from an immune alpaca to Y. pestis LcrV (ELISA).

FIG. 4 is a graph of polyclonal phage ELISA testing after each round of panning to isolate YscF-specific phages.

FIG. 5 is a graph of the ELISA for the presence of YscF-specific SAbs in the periplasmic extract of positive colonies.

FIG. 6 is a graph of polyclonal phage ELISA testing after each round of panning to isolate F1-specific phages.

FIGS. 7A-B are graphs of the ELISA for the presence of F1-specific SAbs in the periplasmic extract of positive colonies.

FIG. 8 is a graph of polyclonal phage ELISA testing after each round of panning to isolate LcrV-specific phages.

FIGS. 9A-B are graphs graph of the ELISA for the presence of LcrV-specific SAbs in the periplasmic extract of positive colonies.

FIG. 10 is a protein sequence alignment of seven exemplary YscF SAbs according to the present invention.

FIGS. 11A-B are protein sequence alignments of eighteen exemplary F1 SAbs according to the present invention.

FIGS. 12A-B are the protein sequence alignment of fourteen exemplary LcrV SAbs according to the present invention.

FIGS. 13A-B are the double-referenced sensorgrams obtained on the BIACORE T200 sensor instrument for selected LcrV SAbs.

FIGS. 14A-B are the double-referenced sensorgrams obtained on the BIACORE T200 sensor instrument for the two LcrV SAbs demonstrating the best binding capabilities.

FIGS. 15A-C are sequence alignments of nucleic acid sequences encoding the exemplary YscF SAbs according to the present invention.

FIGS. 16A-H are sequence alignments of nucleic acid sequences encoding the exemplary F1 SAbs according to the present invention.

FIGS. 17A-F are sequence alignments of nucleic acid sequences encoding the exemplary LcrV SAbs according to the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The present invention includes single-domain antibodies (SAbs) against three Yersinia pestis (Y. pestis) surface proteins (LcrV, YscF, and F1), the nucleic acids encoding the SAbs, and polypeptides comprising two or more SAbs capable of recognizing one or more Y. pestis surface proteins or epitopes. The present invention further includes methods for preventing or treating Y. pestis infections in a patient; methods for detecting and/or diagnosing Y. pestis infections; and devices and methods for identifying and/or detecting Y. pestis on a surface and/or in an environment.

Y. pestis, the gram-negative bacillus that causes plague, is considered a Class A biological weapon. Y. pestis infections occur in three different ways: infection of the lymph nodes (bubonic), the lungs (pneumonic), or the blood (septicemic). The most serious, contagious, and often fatal mode of plague is pneumonic plague, which may be caused by inhalation of contaminated respiratory droplets from another infected person or from intentional release of aerosolized plague pathogen. While Y. pestis infections are treatable with antibiotics, diagnosis and treatment are often delayed. In the case of pneumonic plague, the early symptoms such as fever, headache, and nausea may easily be mistaken for more common illnesses, delaying proper diagnosis and treatment during the early stages of the disease and greatly increasing the chances of death. Untreated pneumonic plague has a mortality rate of almost 100%. In the case of battlefield personnel and persons stationed or living in rural areas, access to proper health care may be further limited by distance and availability.

Of particular interest for detection and treatment are three Y. pestis surface proteins, LcrV, YscF, and F1. LcrV is a 37 kDa virulence factor that is secreted and expressed on the Y. pestis cell surface prior to bacterial interaction with host cells, making it an excellent antigenic protein for antibody capture. It has been shown that anti-LcrV antibodies can block the delivery of Yops, a set of virulence proteins exported into the host cell upon contact. Additionally, it has been shown that a single sensitive, specific antibody could be used to capture LcrV from Y. pestis, Y. pseudotuberculosis, and Y. enterocolitica. The functional determination of LcrV provides a possible reason for the success of anti-LcrV Ab immunotherapeutics as it is hypothesized that the anti-LcrV/Ab complex prevents the formation and function of the tip complex, thus interfering with the translocation of virulent Yops critical to infection. YscF has also been implicated as one of the “needle” proteins involved in T3SS injection of the virulent Yops proteins across eukaryotic membranes upon cell contact. Recent work using purified YscF to initiate an active immune response indicates that YscF-vaccinated mice have significant protection to a Y. pestis challenge. As with LcrV, these data indicate that YscF is an excellent antigen target for immunotherapeutic uses. F1 protein, which is a Y. pestis capsule protein, has likewise been identified as a potential therapeutic target and is one of the principal immunogens in currently available plague vaccines. Among other roles, F1 is thought to be involved in preventing Y. pestis uptake by macrophages.

SAbs in general, including the presently disclosed Y. pestis SAbs, comprise four framework regions (FRs) interrupted by three complementarity determining regions (CDRs) to yield the following general structure: FR1-CDR1-FR2-CDR2-FR3-CDR3-FR4.

Like many SAbs, the CDR3 sequence of the presently disclosed Y. pestis SAbs is generally the most crucial in determining antigen specificity. SAbs directed against a particular antigen generally demonstrate some degree of homology or sequence identity between each FR and CDR. Where two nucleotide or amino acid sequences are the same length when aligned, the term “sequence identity” as used herein relates to the number of positions with identical nucleotides or amino acids divided by the total number of nucleotides or amino acids. The number of identical nucleotides or amino acids is determined by comparing corresponding positions of a designated first sequence (usually a reference sequence) with a second sequence. Where two nucleotide or amino acid sequences are of different length when aligned, the term “sequence identity” as used herein relates to the number of positions with identical nucleotides or amino acids divided by the number of nucleotides or amino acids in the designated or reference sequence. Any addition, deletion, insertion, or substitution of a nucleotide or amino acid is considered a difference when calculating the sequence identity. The degree of sequence identity may also be determined using computer algorithms, such algorithms may include, for example, commercially-available Basic Local Alignment Search Tool, also known as BLAST (U.S. National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, Md.).

Y. pestis SAbs according to the present invention may be used as components of in vivo and in vitro assays and may also be used diagnostic testing and imaging. The generally low toxicity and immunogenicity of SAbs further makes the present Y. pestis SAbs promising active and passive immunotherapeutic tools, particularly for self-administered fieldable therapeutics. In the case of an outbreak or a biological weapon attack, a self-administered treatment could provide sufficient temporary immunity and sufficiently slow the onset and progress of the disease to allow a person exposed to Y. pestis to reach a hospital for diagnosis and treatment. The SAbs may be introduced by any suitable method including intravenous and subcutaneous injection, oral ingestion, inhalation, and topical administration. The SAbs may bind to extracellular epitopes and antigens and may also bind to intracellular targets after introduction into the host cell by phagocytosis or other mechanisms. In addition, the Y. pestis SAbs may be useful for decontamination and as field-stable capture elements for real-time biological weapon detection and quantitation.

Many of the presently disclosed Y. pestis SAbs demonstrate full functionality and high affinity for their respective antigen targets, which is likely due to the ability of SAbs to bind to protein clefts that are often inaccessible to larger, conventional antibodies. This ability to access areas located in interior pockets may allow therapeutic and detection tools based on the present Y. pestis SAbs to detect multiple strains of the pathogen, as well as related organisms in the Yersinia genus. SAb-based tools and techniques may also be less susceptible to genetic engineering of pathogen surface proteins and epitopes designed to elude current detectors and to circumvent immunity conferred by conventional vaccination.

The Y. pestis SAbs according to the present invention may be quickly, easily, and inexpensively produced in large quantities in a bacterial expression system such as E. coli with little or no loss of protein activity and little or no need for post-translational modification. In addition, the SAbs are stable within a wide range of temperature, humidity, and pH. This stability may allow for stockpiling and long-term storage of the SAbs and SAb-based detection, diagnostic, and therapeutic tools in preparation for Y. pestis outbreaks and/or a bioterrorism attack, all without the need for costly climate control and/or monitoring. The stability of SAbs in extreme environments may further allow for reusable sensors and detection devices.

The following examples and methods are presented as illustrative of the present invention or methods of carrying out the invention, and are not restrictive or limiting of the scope of the invention in any manner. Amino acid residues will be according to the standard three-letter or one-letter amino acid code as set out in Table 1. The materials and methods used in Examples 1-4 are described, for example, in Antibody Engineering, Eds. R. Kontermann & S. Dübel, Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg (2010) Isolation of antigen-specific Nanobodies, Hassanzadeh Ghassabeh Gh., et al., Vol. 2, Chapter 20, pp. 251-266. Exemplary combinations of individual FR and CDR regions are shown in Table 2, and complete SAb protein sequences isolated according to the following Examples are listed in Tables 3, 5, and 7. Unique sequences (individual CDRs and FRs and complete SAb sequences) are each assigned a SEQ ID NO; sequences comprising less than four amino acids are not assigned a SEQ ID NO. As seen in FIGS. 10-12 , some SAbs share 100% sequence identity in one or more CDRs and/or FRs because the SAbs are either from clonally-related B-cells or from the same B-cell with diversification due to PCR error during library construction.

Example 1: Antibody Development and Construction of a VHH Library

All SAbs were developed using proteins (antigen) expressed from genes isolated from Y. pestis KIM5 (avirulent pgm−), which is similar in sequence to the same protein set in Y. pestis virulent strains (pgm+). An alpaca was injected subcutaneously on days 0, 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35, each time with about 165 μg YscF antigen, about 160 μg F1 antigen, and about 160 μg LcrV antigen. The same animal may be used for all experiments, but multiple animals may also be used. On day 39, anticoagulated blood was collected from the alpaca for the preparation of plasma and peripheral blood lymphocytes. Using plasma from the immune animal, IgG subclasses were obtained by successive affinity chromatography on protein A and protein G columns and were tested by ELISA to assess the immune response to YscF, F1, and LcrV antigens. FIGS. 1-3 are graphs of the immune response to YscF, F1, and LcrV, respectively, in both conventional (IgG1) and heavy chain (IgG2 & IgG3) antibodies. As seen in FIGS. 1-3 , the IgG isolated from the immune animal exhibited a strong response toward all three antigens in both types of antibody.

A VHH library was then constructed and screened for the presence of SAbs specific to YscF, F1, and LcrV. Total RNA was extracted from peripheral blood lymphocytes isolated from the immune alpaca and used as a template for first strand cDNA synthesis with oligo(dT) primer. Using this cDNA, the VHH encoding sequences were amplified by PCR and cloned into the phagemid vector pHEN4. pHEN4 vectors containing the amplified VHH sequences were transformed into electrocompetent cells to obtain a VHH library of about 1-2×10⁸ independent transformants. About 75-93% of transformants harbored vectors with the correct insert sizes. Antigen-specific SAbs were then selected from a phage display library.

Example 2: Isolation of YscF SAbs

For the YscF antigen, the VHH library was subjected to four consecutive rounds of panning, performed on solid-phase coated antigen (concentration: 700 μg/ml, 30 μg/well, in 25 mM Tris (pH not tested), 150 mM NaCl, 0.05% Tween-20, and 1 mM EDTA). The enrichment for antigen-specific phages after each round of panning was assessed by comparing the number of phages eluted from antigen-coated wells with the number of phages eluted from negative control (only blocked) wells. The enrichment was also evaluated by polyclonal phage ELISA, which is shown in FIG. 4 . These experiments suggested that the phage population was enriched for antigen-specific phages only after the third round of panning. In total, 385 individual colonies (95, 143, and 47 from second, third, and fourth rounds, respectively) were randomly selected and analyzed by ELISA for the presence of YscF-specific SAbs in their periplasmic extracts. Out of these 385 colonies, 19 colonies (all from the third round) scored positive. Sequencing of positive colonies identified seven different SAbs, and the ELISA results for these seven SAbs are shown in FIG. 5 . The protein sequences of the seven exemplary YscF SAbs according to the present invention are shown in Table 3, and the nucleic acid sequences encoding the seven exemplary YscF SAbs are shown in Table 4.

FIG. 10 is a protein sequence alignment of the seven exemplary YscF SAbs listed in Table 3, and FIGS. 15A-C are sequence alignments of the nucleic acid sequences listed in Table 4. Gaps are introduced in the sequences contained in FIGS. 10 and 15A-C as needed in order to align the respective protein and nucleic acid sequences with one another. Referring to FIG. 10 , the three CDRs are underlined in each sequence. The CDRs are defined according to the Kabat numbering system [Kabat, E. A., et al., (1991) Sequences of Proteins of Immunological Interest, Fifth Edition, NIH Publication No. 91-3242, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Md.]. The differences in the four FRs of each SAb (if any), as compared with 3YscF57 (SEQ ID NO:154), are in bold; any differences between the three CDRs of each SAb are not otherwise indicated. The seven exemplary YscF SAb sequences depicted in FIG. 10 and listed in Table 3 represent seven different groups i.e. they originate from seven clonally-unrelated B-cells.

Example 3: Isolation of F1 SAbs

For the F1 antigen, the library was subjected to four consecutive rounds of panning, performed on solid-phase coated antigen (concentration: 200 μg/ml, 20 μg/well, in the presence of 0.005% Tween-20). The enrichment for antigen-specific phages after each round of panning was assessed by comparing the number of phages eluted from antigen-coated wells with the number of phages eluted from negative control (blocked only) wells. The enrichment was also evaluated by polyclonal phage ELISA, which is shown in FIG. 6 . These experiments suggested that the phage population was enriched for antigen-specific phages only after the third and fourth rounds of panning. In total, 285 individual colonies from second, third, and fourth rounds of panning (95 from each round) were randomly selected and analyzed by ELISA for the presence of F1-specific SAbs in their periplasmic extracts. Out of these 285 colonies, 55 scored positive (0, 29, and 26 from second, third, and fourth rounds, respectively). Sequencing of these 55 positive colonies identified 18 different SAbs, and the ELISA results for these 19 SAbs are shown in FIGS. 7A-B. The protein sequences of 18 exemplary F1 SAbs according to the present invention are shown in Table 5, and the nucleic acid sequences encoding the 18 F1 SAbs are shown in Table 6.

FIGS. 11A-B are protein sequence alignments of the 18 exemplary F1 SAbs listed in Table 5, and FIGS. 16A-H are sequence alignments of the nucleic acid sequences listed in Table 6. Gaps are introduced in the sequences in FIGS. 11A-B and 16A-H as needed in order to align the protein and nucleic acid sequences with one another. Referring to FIGS. 11A-B, the three CDRs are underlined in each sequence. The CDRs are defined according to the Kabat numbering system. The differences in the four FRs of each SAb (if any), as compared with 3F55 (SEQ ID NO:168), are in bold; any differences between the three CDRs of each SAb are not otherwise indicated. The 18 exemplary F1 SAbs shown in FIGS. 11A-B and listed in Table 5 represent 10 different groups, which are listed in Table 9. SAbs belonging to the same group are very similar, especially in the CDR3 region, and their amino acid sequences suggest that they are either from clonally-related B-cells resulting from somatic hypermutation or from the same B-cell with diversification due to PCR error during library construction.

Example 4: Isolation of LcrV SAbs

For the LcrV antigen, the library was subjected to three consecutive rounds of panning, performed on solid-phase coated antigen (concentration: 200 μg/ml, 20 μg/well). The enrichment for antigen-specific phages after each round of panning was assessed by comparing the number of phages eluted from antigen-coated wells with the number of phages eluted from negative control (blocked only) wells. The enrichment was also evaluated by polyclonal phage ELISA, which is shown in FIG. 8 . These experiments suggested that the phage population was enriched for antigen-specific phages after the first, second, and third rounds of panning. 95 individual colonies from the second round of panning were randomly selected and analyzed by ELISA for the presence of LcrV-specific SAbs in their periplasmic extracts (not shown). Out of these 95 colonies, 85 scored positive. The VHHs from the 85 positive colonies were subjected to restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis using HinfI enzyme (not shown). Based on RFLP analysis, 40 colonies (several from each RFLP group) were selected for sequencing. Sequence analysis identified four different SAbs.

The high redundancy of the LcrV positive colonies identified after the second round of panning, together with the fact that the enrichment for antigen-specific phages was already good after the first round of panning, suggested that additional rounds of panning may have led to a loss of library diversity. To address this possibility and to identify additional unique sequences, 95 colonies from first round of panning were randomly selected and analyzed by ELISA for the presence of LcrV-specific SAbs in their periplasmic extracts, which is shown in FIGS. 9A-B. Out of these 95 colonies from the first round, 35 colonies were positive. These 35 colonies represented the four previously identified SAbs, as well as 10 novel sequences. The protein sequences of 14 exemplary LcrV SAbs according to the present invention are shown in Table 7, and the nucleic acid sequences encoding the 14 LcrV SAbs are shown in Table 8.

FIGS. 12A-B are the protein sequence alignment of the 14 exemplary LcrV SAbs listed in Table 7, and FIGS. 17A-F are sequence alignments of the nucleic acid sequences listed in Table 8. Gaps are introduced in the sequences in FIGS. 12A-B and 17A-F as needed in order to align the protein and nucleic acid sequences with one another. Referring to FIGS. 12A-B, the three CDRs are underlined in each sequence. The CDRs are defined according to the Kabat numbering system. The differences in the four FRs of each SAb (if any), as compared with 1LCRV32 (SEQ ID NO:204), are shown in bold; any differences between the three CDRs of each SAb are not otherwise indicated. The 14 exemplary LcrV SAbs shown in FIGS. 12A-B and listed in Table 7 represent six different groups, which are listed in Table 10. SAbs belonging to the same group are very similar, and their amino acid sequences suggest that they are from clonally-related B-cells resulting from somatic hypermutation or from the same B-cell with diversification due to PCR error during library construction.

Example: 5 Binding Kinetics of LcrV and F1 SAbs

Binding kinetics studies were conducted on selected LcrV and F1 SAbs. LcrV and F1 protein was immobilized on the surface of a BIACORE CM5 chip (GE Healthcare Biosciences), and each SAb was allowed to associate/dissociate with the appropriate antigen. The results of the binding kinetics study are shown in Table 11. Binding generally ranged from nM to pM, with the best two SAbs (LcrV-reactive SAbs SEQ ID NOs:209, 214) binding to the target in the mid-fM range. The binding constants of the seven LcrV SAbs from Table 11 (SEQ ID NOs:204, 209, 211, 214-217) are shown in Table 12. The K_(D) is calculated as k_(d)/k_(a) (“n.b.”=no binding).

FIGS. 13A-B are the resulting double-referenced sensorgrams (colored by SAb concentration) obtained using a BIACORE T200 sensor instrument (General Electric Healthcare, United Kingdom) for six of the seven LcrV SAbs from Tables 11 and 12 (SEQ ID NOs:204, 209, 211, 214-217). A dissociation phase of 500 seconds was used for all concentrations of SAb. The overlaying curve fits are depicted in black, and the sensorgrams are based on a 1:1 binding model.

Of the described SAb sets, two SAbs (SEQ ID NOs:209, 214) demonstrate no discernible off rate (k_(d)) within the limits of THE BIACORE instrument analyses (see Tables 11 and 12). In a second test, LcrV was immobilized on the surface of a BIACORE CM5 chip, and LcrV-reactive SAbs SEQ ID NOs:209 and 214 were allowed to associate/dissociate. A dissociation phase of 120 seconds was used for all concentrations of SAb except the highest concentration, for which a 3600 second dissociation was used. FIGS. 14A-B are the double-referenced sensorgrams (colored by SAb concentration) obtained on the BIACORE T200 sensor instrument with overlaying curve fits (black), based on a 1:1 binding model. These data indicate that the SAb sequences of SEQ ID NOs:209 and 214 bind to the Y. pestis LcrV protein extremely and unusually tightly. Due to the nature of these two SAbs, both could bind to the Y. pestis bacteria in a manner that may make infection and/or replication difficult or impossible.

The present invention includes SAbs against at least one Y. pestis surface protein or antigen and the nucleotide sequences that encode the SAbs. The Y. pestis surface protein may include YscF, F1, and/or LcrV. The present invention includes a composition comprising a single SAb or a mixture of two or more different SAbs. For compositions comprising a mixture of two or more different SAbs, all of the SAbs may be against a single Y. pestis surface protein (single-antigen), or the SAbs may be against different epitopes on the same Y. pestis surface protein (single-antigen, multi-epitope). The mixture of two or more different SAbs may further comprise SAbs against two or more Y. pestis surface proteins (multi-antigen).

In one embodiment of the present invention, SAbs against at least one Y. pestis YscF epitope may comprise one each of a CDR1 sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs:1-7; a CDR2 sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs:27-33; and a CDR3 sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs:54-60. In another embodiment, SAbs against at least one Y. pestis YscF epitope may comprise one each of an FR1 sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs:79-102; a CDR1 sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs:1-7; an FR2 sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs:103-120; a CDR2 sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs:27-33; an FR3 sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs:121-146; a CDR3 sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs:54-60; and an FR4 sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs:147-153. In a further embodiment, SAbs against at least one Y. pestis YscF epitope may comprise the specific arrangement of FRs and CDRs embodied in SEQ ID NOs:154-160. The present invention further includes isolated nucleotide sequences selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs:161-167 that encode the SAbs comprising SEQ ID NOs:154-160.

In another embodiment, SAbs against at least one Y. pestis F1 epitope may comprise one each of a CDR1 sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs:8-19; a CDR2 sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs:34-47; and a CDR3 sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs:61-71, AEY, and PGY. In another embodiment, SAbs against at least one Y. pestis F1 epitope may comprise one each of an FR1 sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs:79-102; a CDR1 sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs:8-19; an FR2 sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs:103-120; a CDR2 sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs:34-47; an FR3 sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs:121-146; a CDR3 sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs:61-71, AEY, and PGY; and an FR4 sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs:147-153. In a further embodiment, SAbs against at least one Y. pestis F1 epitope comprise the specific arrangement of FRs and CDRs embodied in SEQ ID NOs:168-185. The present invention further includes isolated nucleotide sequences selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs:186-203 that encode the SAbs comprising SEQ ID NOs:168-185.

In a further embodiment, SAbs against at least one Y. pestis LcrV epitope may comprise one each of a CDR1 sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs:20-26; a CDR2 sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs:48-53; and a CDR3 sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs:72-78 and GNI. In another embodiment, SAbs against at least one Y. pestis LcrV epitope may comprise one each of an FR1 sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs:79-102; a CDR1 sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs:20-26; an FR2 sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs:103-120; a CDR2 sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs:48-53; an FR3 sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs:121-146; a CDR3 sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs:72-78 and GNI; and an FR4 sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs:147-153. In a further embodiment, SAbs against at least one Y. pestis LcrV epitope may comprise the specific arrangement of FRs and CDRs embodied in SEQ ID NOs:204-217. The present invention further includes isolated nucleotide sequences selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs:218-231 that encode the SAbs comprising SEQ ID NOs:204-217.

In an alternative embodiment, the present invention includes one or more SAbs against Y. pestis YscF, with each SAb comprising a CDR1 sequence, a CDR2 sequence, and a CDR3 sequence respectively having at least 15% sequence identity with a CDR1 sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs:1-7; a CDR2 sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs:27-33; and a CDR3 sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs:54-60, in which the SAbs retain sufficient affinity for at least one of a Y. pestis YscF antigen or a Y. pestis YscF epitope. The present invention further includes one or more SAbs against Y. pestis YscF having at least 15% sequence identity with SEQ ID NOs:154-160, in which the SAbs retain sufficient affinity for at least one of a Y. pestis YscF antigen or a Y. pestis YscF epitope.

The present invention further includes one or more SAbs against Y. pestis F1, with each SAb comprising a CDR1 sequence, a CDR2 sequence, and a CDR3 sequence respectively having at least 15% sequence identity with at least one of a CDR1 sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs:8-19, a CDR2 sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs:34-47, and a CDR3 sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs:61-71, AEY, and PGY, in which the SAbs retain sufficient affinity for at least one of a Y. pestis F1 antigen or a Y. pestis F1 epitope. The present invention further includes one or more SAbs against Y. pestis F1 having at least 15% sequence identity with SEQ ID NOs: 168-185, in which the SAbs retain sufficient affinity for at least one of a Y. pestis F1 antigen or a Y. pestis F1 epitope

The present invention further includes one or more SAbs against Y. pestis LcrV, with each SAb comprising a CDR1 sequence, a CDR2 sequence, and a CDR3 sequence respectively having at least 15% sequence identity with at least one of a CDR1 sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs:20-26, a CDR2 sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs:48-53, and a CDR3 sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs:72-78 and GNI, in which the SAbs retain sufficient affinity for at least one of a Y. pestis LcrV antigen or a Y. pestis LcrV epitope. The present invention further includes one or more SAbs against Y. pestis LcrV having at least 15% sequence identity with SEQ ID NOs: 204-217, in which the SAbs retain sufficient affinity for at least one of a Y. pestis LcrV antigen or a Y. pestis LcrV epitope.

In an another embodiment, the present invention further includes a polypeptide, which is used herein to refer to a structure comprising two or more of any of the above-described SAbs against Y. pestis YscF, F1, and/or LcrV in which the two or more SAbs are joined together. In one embodiment, the polypeptide may comprise a fusion protein that is created by joining together two or more SAbs at the genetic level. Two or more nucleic acid sequences encoding for two or more SAbs may be spliced together, and translation of the spliced nucleic acid sequence creates a longer, multi-antigen and/or multi-epitope fusion protein. The fusion protein may contain up to four SAbs joined end-to-end in a substantially linear fashion, similar to beads on a string.

In one embodiment, the fusion protein comprises SAbs that are all against a single Y. pestis surface protein or antigen i.e. a single-antigen fusion protein against either YscF, F1, or LcrV. In a further embodiment, this single-antigen fusion protein further comprises SAbs that bind to two or more different epitopes (multi-epitope, single-antigen) on the single antigen. In another embodiment, the fusion protein may comprise SAbs against two or more different Y. pestis surface proteins i.e. a multi-antigen fusion protein. The multi-antigen fusion protein may also comprise SAbs that bind to two or more different epitopes (multi-epitope, multi-antigen) on the same antigen(s). In use, each individual fusion protein molecule may bind to one Y. pestis surface protein molecule, or the individual fusion protein molecule may be bound to two or more separate Y. pestis surface protein molecules. Use of a multi-antigen and/or multi-epitope fusion protein may increase avidity in enzyme immunosorbent assays.

In another embodiment, the polypeptide may be created by joining two or more SAbs together with a protein or chemical linker to create a multivalent protein complex. For example, a linker molecule such as the verotoxin 1B-subunit may be used to create high avidity, pentavalent SAb complexes similar to keys on a key ring. In one embodiment, the multivalent protein complex may contain SAbs that are all against a single Y. pestis surface protein or antigen i.e. a single-antigen multivalent protein complex. This single-antigen multivalent protein complex may further comprise SAbs that bind to two or more different epitopes (multi-epitope, single-antigen) on the single antigen. In another embodiment, the multivalent protein complex may comprise SAbs against two or more different Y. pestis surface proteins i.e. a multi-antigen multivalent protein complex. The multi-antigen multivalent protein complex may further comprise SAbs that bind to two or more different epitopes (multi-epitope, multi-antigen) on the same antigen. In use, each multivalent protein complex may bind to one Y. pestis surface protein molecule, or the multivalent protein complex may be bound to two or more separate Y. pestis surface protein molecules. These multi-antigen and/or multi-epitope multivalent protein complexes may generally demonstrate increased affinity for their respective epitope and/or antigen target(s) and may have numerous applications for biomarker assays or proteomics.

In one embodiment of the present invention, polypeptides as described herein comprise at least two SAbs, with the SAbs being selected from the following groups: (1) SAbs comprising one each of a CDR1 sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs:1-7; a CDR2 sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs:27-33; and a CDR3 sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs:54-60; (2) SAbs comprising one each of a CDR1 sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs:8-19; a CDR2 sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs:34-47; and a CDR3 sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs:61-71, AEY, and PGY; and (3) SAbs comprising one each of a CDR1 sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs:20-26; a CDR2 sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs:48-53; and a CDR3 sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs:72-78 and GNI.

In a further embodiment, the polypeptides comprise at least two SAbs selected from the group consisting of: (1) SAbs comprising one each of a CDR1 sequence selected from the group consisting of sequences having at least 15% sequence identity with SEQ ID NOs:1-7; a CDR2 sequence selected from the group consisting of sequences having at least 15% sequence identity with SEQ ID NOs: 27-33; and a CDR3 sequence selected from the group consisting of sequences having at least 15% sequence identity with SEQ ID NOs:54-60; (2) SAbs comprising one each of a CDR1 sequence selected from the group consisting of sequences having at least 15% sequence identity with SEQ ID NOs: 8-19; a CDR2 sequence selected from the group consisting of sequences having at least 15% sequence identity with SEQ ID NOs: 34-47; and a CDR3 sequence selected from the group consisting of sequences having at least 15% sequence identity with SEQ ID NOs: 61-71; and (3) SAbs comprising one each of a CDR1 sequence selected from the group consisting of sequences having at least 15% sequence identity with SEQ ID NOs: 20-26; a CDR2 sequence selected from the group consisting of sequences having at least 15% sequence identity with SEQ ID NOs: 48-53; and a CDR3 sequence selected from the group consisting of sequences having at least 15% sequence identity with SEQ ID NOs: 72-78.

In another embodiment, the polypeptides may comprise at least two SAbs, with the SAbs being selected from the following groups: (1) SAbs comprising one set of CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences (as described above with respect to polypeptides according to the present invention) and one each of an FR1 sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs:79-102, an FR2 sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs:103-120, an FR3 sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs:121-146, and an FR4 sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs:147-153; and (2) SAbs selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs:154-160, 168-185, and 204-217 and sequences having at least 15% sequence identity with SEQ ID NOs:154-160, 168-185, and 204-217.

In another embodiment, any of the SAbs or polypeptides according to the present invention may further comprise a protein tag, a protein domain tag, or a chemical tag. These tags generally comprise one or more additional amino acids or chemical molecules or residues that may be placed using known methods on the C- or N-terminus of the SAb or polypeptide without altering the activity or functionality of the SAb or polypeptide. The tag may facilitate purification of the SAb or polypeptide, direct absorption and/or excretion in the body, and/or facilitate use in a variety of applications such as detecting and monitoring Y pestis. The tag may include, but is not limited to, a histidine tag (HIS tag) and a poly-lysine tag.

The present invention further includes a method of preventing or treating a Y. pestis infection in a patient. Y. pestis infections are frequently difficult to properly diagnose, which can result in delayed treatment, and a low toxicity treatment such as the presently disclosed SAbs may provide a valuable tool for cases of suspected Y. pestis exposure and/or infection and/or for patients presenting with ambiguous symptoms. The method comprises identifying a patient who is suspected of having been exposed to and/or infected with Y. pestis, and administering to the patient a pharmaceutically active amount of one or more of the SAbs and/or polypeptides according to the present invention. As used throughout, a “pharmaceutically active amount” refers generally to an amount that upon administration to the patient, is capable of providing directly or indirectly, one or more of the effects or activities disclosed herein. In one embodiment, the SAb(s) and/or polypeptide(s) may be administered as a form of passive immunotherapy in which the SAb(s) and/or polypeptide(s) are administered to the patient prior to at least one of exposure to or infection with Y. pestis. In another embodiment, the SAb(s) and/or polypeptide(s) may be administered after the patient is exposed to or infected with Y. pestis. The SAb(s) and/or polypeptide(s). In all embodiments of the methods, the SAb(s) and/or polypeptide(s) may be capable of being self-administered and may be administered to the patient using known techniques including, but not limited to, intravenous and subcutaneous injection, oral ingestion, inhalation, and topical administration. The ability to self-administer the SAb(s) and/or polypeptide(s) may be particularly useful in the case of an outbreak or attack where access to medical personnel and treatment may be limited.

The present invention further includes a method of detecting and/or diagnosing a Y. pestis infection using one of more of the SAbs and/or polypeptides herein described. The method may include detection of Y. pestis and diagnosis of the infection using known in vivo and/or in vitro assays such as enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs), dot blot assays, and other suitable immunoassays. The Y. pestis SAb(s) and/or polypeptide(s) may, for example, be used as a primary antibody or a capture antibody in an ELISA for the detection/diagnosis of a Y. pestis infection. The SAb(s) and/or polypeptide(s) according to the present invention may further be coupled to one or more enzymes or markers for use in imaging.

The present invention further includes devices and methods for the identification and detection of Y. pestis on a surface and/or in an environment A device for the environmental detection and/or quantification of Y. pestis may comprise one or more of the SAbs or polypeptides according to the present invention, with the SAb(s) and/or polypeptide(s) being used as a capture element. A method of identifying and detecting Y. pestis using the device comprises contacting one or more of the SAbs or polypeptides with an unknown target and detecting binding between the SAbs or polypeptides and the unknown target to identify the unknown target as Y. pestis. The method may further comprise use of the device to quantify an amount of Y. pestis on the surface and/or in the environment.

TABLE 1 Amino Acid Code Alanine Ala A Methionine Met M Cysteine Cys C Asparagine Asn N Aspartic Acid Asp D Proline Pro P Glutamic Acid Glu E Glutamine Gln Q Phenylalanine Phe F Arginine Arg R Glycine Gly G Serine Ser S Histidine His H Threonine Thr T Isoleucine Ile I Valine Val V Lysine Lys K Tryptophan Trp W Leucine Leu L Tyrosine Tyr Y

ID# FR1 ID# CDR1 ID# FR2 ID# CDR2 ID# FR3 ID# CDR3 ID# FR4 YscF Sab Sequences 79 QVQLQESGG 1 GRTWR 103 WFRQAPG 27 VMSRSGGT 121 RFTISRDN 54 GGGMYGPD 147 WGKGT GLVQAGGSL AYYMG KEREFVA TSYADSVKG AKNTVYLQ LYGMTY QVTVSS RLSCAAS MNNLAPED TATYYCKA 80 QVQLQESGG 2 GRAFS 103 WFRQAPG 28 ANWRSGGL 122 RFTISRDD 55 GGGSRWYGR 148 WGQGT GLVQAGGSL NYAMA KEREFVA TDYADSVKG AKNTVYLQ TTASWYDY QVTVSS RLSCVAS MNSLKPED TAVYYCAA 81 QVQLQESGG 3 GRTFS 103 WFRQAPG 29 AISWSGSST 123 RFTISRDH 56 PAYGLR 149 RGQGT GLVQAGGSL RYAMG KEREFVA YYADSVKG AKNVMYLQ PPYNY QVTVSS RLSCAVS MNGLKPED TGVYVCAR 82 QVQLQESGG 4 QRTFS 104 WFRQAPG 30 ATTWSGISS 124 RFTISRDN 57 GRSSWFAP 150 WGRGT GLVQAGGSL RYSLG EERVFVA DYADSVKG AKNTGYLQ WLTPYEY QVTVSS KLSCTAS MNNLKPED DY TGVYYCAA 79 QVQLQESGG 5 GRTFS 105 WFRQGPG 31 AIRWNGDNI 125 RFTISRDL 58 GVYDY 148 WGQGT GLVQAGGSL SHAMA EERQFLA HYSDSAKG AKNTLYLQ QVTVSS RLSCAAS MNSLKPED TAVYYCAR 83 QVQLQESGG 6 GRTFGRP 106 WFRRAPG 32 GITRSGN 126 RFTISRDN 59 DWGWR 149 WGQGTQ GLVQAGDSR FRYTMG KEREFVG NIYYSDS AKNTVYLQ NY VTVSS ILSCTAS VKG MNSLKPED TAVYYCNA 84 QVQLQESGG 7 GETVD 107 WYRQA 33 CISGSDG 127 RFTISRDNV 60 EIYDRR 148 WGQGT GLVQAGGSL DLAIG PGKQR STYYAD KNTVYLQMN WYRND QVTVSS RLACAAS EEIS SLSG SLKLEDTAV Y YYCYA F1 SAb Sequences 81 QVQLQESGG 8 GMMYI 108 WYRQA 34 FVSSTGN 128 RFTISRDNA 61 YLGSRD 148 WGQGT GLVQAGGSL REAIR PGKQR PRYTDS KNTVYLQMN Y QVTVSS RLSCAVS EWVA VKG SLTPEDTAV 85 9 GMMYI 108 WYRQA 35 VVSSTG 128 YYCNTRFTI 61 YLGSRD 148 WGQGT QVQLQESGG RYTMR PGKQR NPHYAD SRDNAKNTV Y QVTVSS GLVQPGGSL EWVA SVKG YLQMNSLTPE RLSCAVS DTAVYYCNT 86 QVQLQESGG 10 GRAVN 109 WYRQA 36 FISVGGT 129 RFTVSRDNAKN 61 AEY 148 WGQGT GLVRPGGSL RYHMH PGKQR TNYAGS TLYLQMNSLKP QVTVSS RLSCAVS EWVT VKG EDTAVYYCNS 87 QVQLQESGG 11 GIIFSD 108 WYRQA 37 QITRSQN 130 RFTVSRDNAKN * YDGRRP 148 WGQGT GSVQPGGSL YALT PGKQR INYTGSV TVHLQMNSLK PY QVTVSS SLSCSAS EWVA KG PEDTAVYYCH A 87 QVQLQESGG 11 GIIFSD 108 WYRQA 37 QITRSQN 130 RFTVSRDNAKN 62 YDGRRR 148 WGQGT GSVQPGGSL YALT PGKQR INYTGSV TVHLQMNSLK TY QVTVSS SLSCSAS EWVA KG PEDTAVYYCH A 88 QVQLQESGG 11 GIIFSD 108 WYRQA 37 QITRSQN 130 RFTVSRDNAKN 62 YDGRRP 148 WGQGT GLVQPGGSL YALT PGKQR INYTGSV TVHLQMNSLK PY QVTVSS SLSCSAS EWVA KG PEDTAVYYCH A 88 QVQLQESG 11 GIIFSD 108 WYRQA 38 QITRRQN 130 RFTVSRD 64 YDGRRSPY 148 WGQGTQ GGLVQPGG YALT PGKQR INYTGSV NAKNTVH VTVSS SLSLSCSA EWVA KG LQMNSLK S PEDTAVY YCHA 89 QVQLQESG 11 GIIFSD 108 WYRQ 37 QITRSQN 131 RFTVSRD 62 YDGRRPPY 148 WGQGTQ GGLVQPGG YALT APGK INYTGSV NAKNTVH VTVSS SLRLSCSA QREW KG LQMNSLK S VA PEDAAVY YCHA 90 QVQLQESG 12 ARIFS 108 WYRQ 39 AITTGGT 126 RFTISRD * PGY 148 WGQGTQ GGLVQPGG IYAMV APGK TNYADSV NAKNTVY VTVSS SLRLSCAA QREW KG LQMNSLK S VA PEDTAVY YCNA 90 QVQLQESG 13 GVIAS 110 WYRQ 40 IITSGGN 132 RFTTSRD 65 LVGAKDY 148 WGQGTQ GGLVQPGG ISVLR TPGKT TRYADSV NARNTVY VTVSS SLRLSCAA RDWV KG LQMNSLK S A PEDTAVY YCNT 91 QVQLQESG 14 GTTFR 111 WYRQ 41 FISSPGD 133 RFTISRD 66 NGIY 147 WGKGTQ GGLVRPGG SLVMK APGKE RTRYTEA NAKNALY VTVSS SLRLSCEA REWVA VKG LQMNGLK S PEDTAVY YCNA 92 QVQLQESG 15 GFTFS 112 WVRQA 42 TINSGGG 134 RFTISRD 67 TASHIP 151 LSQGTQ GGLVQSGD NYAMS PGKGL STSYAYS NAKNTLY VTVSS SLRLSCAA EWVS VKG LQMNSLK S PEDTAVY YCAK 90 QVQLQESG 15 GFTFS 112 WVRQA 43 TINIGGG 134 RFTISRD 67 TASHIP 151 LSQGTQ GGLVQPGG NYAMS PGKGL STSYADS NAKNTLY VTVSS SLRLSCAA EWVS VKG LQMNSLK S PEDTAVY YCAK 90 QVQLQESGG 16 GFTFR 112 WVRQA 44 TINGGGG 135 RFTISRDN 68 TARDSR 149 RGQGT GLVQPGGSL NYAMS PGKGL ITSYAD AKNTMYLQ DS QVTVSS RLSCAAS EWVS SVKG MNSLKPED TAVYYCAO 90 QVQLQESGG 17 GFTFS 113 WVRLA 45 TINIAGG 134 RFTISRDN 69 TAANWS 149 RGQGTQ GLVQPGGSL SYAMS PGKGL ITSYADS AKNTLYLQ AQ VTVSS RLSCAAS EWVS VKG MNSLKPED TAVYYCAK 90 QVQLQESGG 17 GFTFS 112 WVRQA 46 TINMGG 136 RFTISRH 70 TAGNWS 149 RGQGTQV GLVQPGGSL SYAMS PGKGL GTTSYA NAKNTLY AQ TVSS RLSCAAS EWVS DSVKG LQMNSLK PEDTAVY YCAK 90 QVQLQESGG 18 GFTFS 114 WIRQPP 47 TITSAGG 137 RFTISRD 71 152 TGQGTQ GLVQPGGSL TSAMS GKARE SISYVNS NAKNTLY LVNLAQ VTVSS RLSCAAS VVA VKG LQMNMLK PEDTAVY YCAR 90 QVQLQESGG 19 GFTFS 114 WIRQPP 47 TITSAGG 137 RFTISRD 71 LVNLAQ 152 TGQGT GLVQPGGSL TNAMS GKARE SISYVNS NAKNTLY QVTVSS RLSCAAS VVA VKG LQMNMLK PEDTAVY YCAR LcrV Sab Sequences 93 QVQLQESGG 20 GFRFSS 115 WVRQA 48 AINSDG 138 RFTISRD 72 RDLYCS 149 RGQGT GMVEPGGSL YAMS PGKG DKTSYA NARNTLY GSMCKD QVTVSS RLSCAAS LERVS DSVKG LQMSNLKP VLGGAR EDTAVYYC YDF AD 94 QVQLQES 20 GFRFSS 115 WVRQA 48 AINSDG 138 RFTISR 72 RDLYCS 149 RGQGTQ GGGLVEP YAMS PGKGL DKTSYA DNARN GSMCKD VTVSS GGSL ERVS DSVKG TLYLQM VLGGAR RLSCAAS SNLKP YDF EDTAV YYCAD 93 QVQLQESGG 20 GFRFSS 115 WVRQA 48 AINSDG 139 RFTISR 72 RDLYCSG 149 RGQGTQ GMVEPGGSL YAMS PGKGL DKTSYA DNARN SMCKDVL VTVSS RLSCAAS ERVS DSVKG TLYLQ GGARYDF MNNLK PEDTA VYYCA D 95 QVQLQESGG 21 GLRFSS 115 WVRQA 48 AINSDG 138 RFTISR 72 RDLYCS 149 RGQGTQ GLVQSGESL YAMS PGKGL DKTSYA DNARN GSMCKD VTVSS RLSCAAS ERVS DSVKG TLYLQM VLGGAR SNLKP YDF EDTAV YYCAD 96 QVQLQESGG 22 GFTFN 116 WYRQV 49 TITGASG 140 RFTISR 73 YLTYDS 148 WGQGTQ GLVQPGGSL WYTM PGEER DTKYAD DNAKN GSVKGV VTVSS LSCAAS A KMVA SVKG TVTLQMN NY SLKP GDAAVY YCHA 97 QVQLQESGG 22 GFTFN 116 WYRQV 49 TITGASG 141 RFTISR 73 YLTYDS 148 WGQGTQ GLVRPGGSL WYTM PGEER DTKYAD DNAKN GSVKGV VTVSS KLSCAAS A KMVA SVKG TVTLQM NY NSLKP GDTAVY YCHA 98 QVQLQESGG 22 GFTFN 116 WYRQV 49 TITGASG 141 RFTISR 73 YLTYDS 148 WGQGTQ GSVQPGGSL WYTM PGEER DTKYAD DNAKN GSVKGV VTVSS KLSCAAS A KMVA SVKG TVTLQM NY NSLKP GDTAVY YCHA 98 QVQLQESGG 22 GFTFN 116 WYRQV 49 TITGASG 142 RSTISR 74 CLTYDS 148 WGQGTQ GSVQPGGSL WYTMA PGEER DTKYAD DNAKN GSVKGV VTVSS LSCAAS KMVA SVKG TVTLQM NY NSLKP GDTAV YYCHA 99 QVQLQESGG 22 GFTFN 116 WYRQV 49 TITGASG 141 RFTISR 73 YLTYDS 148 WGQGTQ GFVQPGGSL WYTM PGEER DTKYAD DNAKN GSVKGV VTVSS KLSCAAS A KMVA SVKG TVTLQM NY NSLKP GDTAVY YCHA 99 QVQLQESGG 22 GFTFN 116 WYRQV 49 TITGASG 141 RFTISR 75 YLTYDS 148 WGQGTQ GLVQPGGSL WYTM PGEER DTKYAD DNAKN GSAKGV VTVSS KLSCAAS A KMVA SVKG TVTLQM NY NSLKP GDTAVY YCHA 100 QVQLQESGG 23 GSLLNI 117 WYRQA 50 TVTSSG 143 RFTISR 76 HLRYGD 148 WGQGTQ GLVQPGGSL YAMG PGRQR TAEYAD DNAKN YVRGPP VTVSS GLSCAAS ELVA SVKG TVYLQM EYNY NSLRP EDTGVY YCNA 90 QVQLQESGG 24 GGTLG 118 WFRQA 51 CITSSDT 144 RFTISR 77 GYYFRD 147 WGKGTQ GLVQPGGSL YYAIG PGKER SAYYAD DNAKN YSDSYY VTVSS RLSCAAS EAVS SAKG TMYLQ YTGTGM MNNLK KV PEDTA VYYCA A 101 QVQLQESGG 25 GFTLDI 119 WFRQA 52 WIVGND 145 RFTISR 78 KFWPRY 148 WGQGTQ GLVQPGGST YAIG PGKEH GRTYYI DNAKN YSGRPP VTVSS RLSCAAS EGVS DSVKG TVYLEM VGRDGY NSLKP DY EDTAVY YCAA 102 QVQLQESGG 26 GASLR 120 WSRQG 53 VMAPDY 146 RVAVR * GNI 153 RGLGTQ GLVQPGGSL DRRVT PGKSLE GVHYFG GDVVK VTVSS ILSCTIS IIA SLEG NTVYL QVNAL KPEDTA IYWCSM * These sequences have fewer than the required minimum of four amino acids and are not assigned a SEQ. NO.

TABLE 3 Y. pestis YscF SAb Protein Sequences SEQ ID NO Name Sequence 154 3yscf57 QVQLQESGGGLVQAG GSLRLSCAASGRTWR AYYMGWFRQAPGKER EFVAVMSRSGGTTSY ADSVKGRFTISRDNA KNTVYLQMNNLAPED TATYYCKAGGGMYGP DLYGMTYWGKGTQVT VSS 155 3yscf124 QVQLQESGGGLVQAG GSLRLSCVASGRAFS NYAMAWFRQAPGKER EFVAANWRSGGLTDY ADSVKGRFTISRDDA KNTVYLQMNSLKPED TAVYYCAAGGGSRWY GRTTASWYOYWGQGT QVTVSS 156 3yscf15 QVQLQESGGGLVQAG GSLRLSCAVSGRTFS RYAMGWFRQAPGKER EFVAAISWSGSSTYY ADSVKGRFTISRDHA KNVMYLQMNGLKPED TGVYVCARPAYGLRP PYNYRGQGTQVTVSS 157 3yscf24 QVQLQESGGGLVQAG GSLKLSCTASQRTFS RYSLGWFRQAPGEER VFVAATTWSGISSDY ADSVKGRFTISRDNA KNTGYLQMNNLKPED TGVYYCAAGRSSWFA PWLTPYEYDYWGRGT QVTVSS 158 3yscf142 QVQLQESGGGLVQAG GSLRLSCAASGRTFS SHAMAWFRQGPGEER QFLAAIRWNGDNIHY SDSAKGRFTISRDLA KNTLYLQMNSLKPED TAVYYCARGVYDYWG QGTQVTVSS 159 3yscf75 QVQLQESGGGLVQAG DSRILSCTASGRTFG RPFRYTMGWFRRAPG KEREFVGGITRSGNN IYYSDSVKGRFTISR DNAKNTVYLQMNSLK PEDTAVYYCNADWGW RNYWGQGTQVTVSS 160 3yscf140 QVQLQESGGGLVQAG GSLRLACAASGETVD DLAIGVVFRQAPGKE REEISCISGSDGSTY YADSLSGRFTISRDN VKNTVYLQMNSLKLE DTAVYYCYAEIYDRR WYRNDYWGQGTQVTV SS

TABLE 4 Y. pestis YscF SAb DNA Sequences SEQ ID NO Name Sequence  161 3yscf57 CAGGTGCAGCTGCAGGAGTCTGGGGGAGGATT GGTGCAGGCTGGGGGCTCTCTGAGACTCTCCT GTGCAGCCTCTGGACGCACCTGGAGAGCCTAT TACATGGGCTGGTTCCGCCAGGCTCCAGGGAA GGAGCGTGAGTTTGTAGCAGTTATGAGTCGGA GCGGTGGCACCACATCCTATGCGGACTCCGTG AAGGGCCGATTCACCATCTCCAGAGACAACGC CAAGAACACGGTGTATCTACAAATGAACAACC TGGCACCTGAGGACACGGCCACGTATTATTGT AAGGCGGGGGGCGGAATGTACGGGCCGGACCT GTATGGTATGACATACTGGGGCAAAGGGACCC AGGTCACCGTCTCCAGCGGCCGCTACCCGTAC GACGTTCCGGACTACGGTTCCGGCCGAGCATA G 162 3yscf124 CAGGTGCAGCTGCAGGAGTCTGGAGGAGGATT GGTACAGGCTGGGGGCTCTCTGAGACTCTCCT GTGTAGCCTCTGGACGCGCCTTCAGTAATTAT GCGATGGCCTGGTTCCGCCAGGCTCCAGGGAA GGAGCGTGAGTTTGTAGCAGCTAATTGGCGGA GTGGTGGTCTTACAGACTATGCAGACTCCGTG AAGGGCCGATTCACCATCTCCAGAGACGACGC CAAGAACACGGTGTATCTGCAAATGAACAGCC TGAAACCTGAGGACACGGCCGTTTATTACTGT GCCGCCGGGGGCGGTAGTCGCTGGTACGGGCG AACAACCGCAAGTTGGTATGACTACTGGGGCC AGGGGACCCAGGTCACCGTCTCCAGCGGCCGC TACCCGTACGACGTTCCGGACTACGGTTCCGG CCGAGCATAG 163 3yscf15 CAGGTGCAGCTGCAGGAGTCTGGGGGAGGATT GGTGCAGGCTGGGGGCTCTCTGAGACTCTCCT GTGCAGTCTCTGGACGCACCTTCAGTAGATAT GCCATGGGCTGGTTCCGCCAGGCTCCAGGGAA GGAGCGTGAGTTTGTAGCAGCTATTAGCTGGA GTGGTAGTAGCACATATTATGCAGACTCCGTG AAGGGCCGATTCACCATCTCCAGAGACCACGC CAAGAACGTGATGTATCTGCAAATGAACGGCC TGAAACCTGAGGACACGGGTGTrTATGTCTGT GCAAGACCAGCGTACGGACTCCGCCCCCCGTA TAATTACCGGGGCCAGGGGACCCAGGTCACCG TCTCCAGCGGCCGCTACCCGTACGACGTTCCG GACTACGGTTCCGGCCGAGCATAG 164 3yscf24 CAGGTGCAGCTGCAGGAGTCTGGGGGAGGATT GGTGCAGGCTGGGGGCTCTCTGAAACTCTCCT GCACAGCCTCTCAACGCACCTTCAGTCGCTAT AGCTTGGGCTGGTTCCGCCAGGCTCCAGGTGA GGAGCGTGTTTTTGTAGCCGCTACTACATGGA GTGGTATAAGCAGTGACTATGCAGACTCCGTG AAGGGCCGATTCACCATCTCCAGAGACAACGC CAAGAACACGGGGTATCTGCAAATGAACAATT TAAAACCTGAGGACACGGGCGTTTATTACTGT GCAGCAGGACGTAGTAGCTGGTTCGCCCCCTG GTTGACCCCCTATGAGTATGATTATTGGGGCC GGGGGACCCAGGTCACCGTCTCCAGCGGCCGC TACCCGTACGACGTTCCGGACTACGGTTCCGG CCGAGCATAG 165 3yscf142 CAGGTGCAGCTGCAGGAGTCTGGGGGAGGATT GGTGCAGGCTGGGGGCTCTCTGAGACTCTCCT GTGCAGCCTCTGGACGCACCTTCAGTAGCCAT GCCATGGCCTGGTTCCGCCAGGGTCCAGGAGA GGAGCGTCAGTTTCTAGCAGCTATTAGATGGA ATGGTGATAACATACACTATTCAGACTCCGCG AAGGGCCGATTCACCATCTCCAGAGACCTCGC CAAGAACACGCTCTATCTGCAAATGAACAGCC TGAAACCTGAGGACACGGCCGTGTATTACTGT GCAAGGGGGGTGTATGACTACTGGGGCCAGGG GACCCAGGTCACCGTCTCCAGCGGCCGCTACC CGTACGACGTTCCGGACTACGGTTCCGGCCGA GCATAG 166 3yscf75 CAGGTGCAGCTGCAGGAGTCTGGGGGAGGATT GGTGCAGGCTGGGGACTCTCGGATACTCTCCT GTACAGCCTCTGGACGCACCTTTGGACGCCCC TTCAGATATACCATGGGCTGGTTCCGCCGGGC TCCAGGGAAGGAGCGTGAGTTTGTAGGAGGTA TTACAAGAAGTGGTAATAATATATACTATTCA GACTCCGTGAAGGGCCGATTCACCATCTCCAG AGACAACGCCAAGAACACGGTGTATCTCCAAA TGAACAGCCTGAAACCTGAGGACACGGCCGTG TATTATTGTAACGCAGATTGGGGGTGGAGGAA CTACTGGGGCCAGGGGACCCAGGTCACCGTCT CCAGCGGCCGCTACCCGTACGACGTTCCGGAC TACGGTTCCGGCCGAGCATAG 167 3yscf140 CAGGTGCAGCTGCAGGAGTCTGGGGGAGGCTT GGTGCAGGCTGGGGGGTCTCTGAGACTCGCCT GTGCAGCCTCTGGAGAGACTGTCGATGATCTT GCCATCGGCTGGTTCCGCCAGGCCCCAGGGAA GGAGCGTGAGGAGATTTCATGTATTAGTGGTA GTGATGGTAGCACATACTATGCAGACTCCCTG TCGGGCCGATTCACCATCTCCAGGGACAACGT CAAGAACACGGTGTATCTGCAAATGAACAGCC TGAAACTTGAGGACACGGCCGTCTATTACTGT TATGCAGAGATTTACGATAGACGCTGGTATCG GAACGACTACTGGGGCCAGGGGACCCAGGTCA CCGTCTCCAGCGGCCGCTACCCGTACGACGTT CCGGACTACGGTTCCGGCCGAGCATAG

TABLE 5 Y. pestis F1 SAb Protein Sequences SEQ ID NO Name Sequence 168 3F55 QVQLQESGGGLVQAGGSLRLSCAVSGMMYIREAIRWYRQAPGKQREWVAFVSSTGNPR YTDSVKGRFTISRDNAKNTVYLQMNSLTPEDTAVYYCNTYLGSRDYWGQGTQVTVSS 169 3F85 QVQLQESGGGLVQPGGSLRLSCAVSGMMYIRYTMRWYRQAPGKQREWVAVVSSTGNPH YADSVKGRFTISRDNAKNTVYLQMNSLTPEDTAVYYCNTYLGSRDYWGQGTQVTVSS 170 3F44 QVQLQESGGGLVRPGGSLRLSCAVSGRAVNRYHMHWYRQAPGKQREWVTFISVGGTTN YAGSVKGRFTVSRDNAKNTLYLQMNSLKPEDTAVYYCNSAEYWGQGTQVTVSS 171 4F34 QVQLQESGGGSVQPGGSLSLSCSASGIIFSDYALTWYRQAPGKQREWVAQITRSQNIN YTGSVKGRFTVSRDNAKNTVHLQMNSLKPEDTAVYYCHAYDGRRPPYWGQGTQVTVSS 172 4F6 QVQLQESGGGSVQPGGSLSLSCSASGIIFSDYALTWYRQAPGKQREWVAQITRSQNIN YTGSVKGRFTVSRDNAKNTVHLQMNSLKPEDTAVYYCHAYDGRRRTYWGQGTQVTVSS 173 4F31 QVQLQESGGGLVQPGGSLSLSCSASGIIFSDYALTWYRQAPGKQREWVAQITRSQNIN YTGSVKGRFTVSRDNAKNTVHLQMNSLKPEDTAVYYCHAYDGRRPPYWGQGTQVTVSS 174 3F31 QVQLQESGGGLVQPGGSLSLScSASGIIFSDYALTWYRQAPGKQREWVAQITRRQNIN YTGSVKGRFTVSRDNAKNTVHLQMNSLKPEDTAVYYCHAYDGRRSPYWGQGTQVTVSS 175 3F61 QVQLQESGGGLVQPGGSLRLSCSASGIIFSDYALTWYRQAPGKQREWVAQITRSQNIN YTGSVKGRFTVSRDNAKNTVHLQMNSLKPEDAAVYYCHAYDGRRPPYWGQGTQVTVSS 176 4F27 QVQLQESGGGLVQPGGSLRLSCAASARIFSIYAMVWYRQAPGKQREWVAAITTGGTTN YADSVKGRFTISRDNAKNTVYLQMNSLKPEDTAVYYCNAPGYWGQGTQVTVSS 177 3F26 QVQLQESGGGLVQPGGSLRLSCAASGVIASISVLRWYRQTPGKTRDWVAIITSGGNTR YADSVKGRFTTSRDNARNTVYLQMNSLKPEDTAVYYCNTLVGAKDYWGQGTQVTVSS 178 4F59 QVQLQESGGGLVRPGGSLRLSCEASGTTFRSLVMKWYRQAPGKEREWVAFISSPGDRT RYTEAVKGRFTISRDNAKNALYLQMNGLKPEDTAVYYCNANGIYWGKGTQVTVSS 179 3F5 QVQLQESGGGLVQSGDSLRLSCAASGFTFSNYAMSWVRQAPGKGLEWVSTINSGGGST SYAYSVKGRFTISRDNAKNTLYLQMNSLKPEDTAVYYCAKTASHIPLSQGTQVTVSS 180 4F57 QVQLQESGGGLVQPGGSLRLSCAASGFTFSNYAMSWVRQAPGKGLEWVSTINIGGGST SYADSVKGRFTISRDNAKNTLYLQMNSLKPEDTAVYYCAKTASHIPLSQGTQVTVSS 181 4F75 QVQLQESGGGLVQPGGSLRLSCAASGFTFRNYAMSWVRQAPGKGLEWVSTINGGGGIT SYADSVKGRFTISRDNAKNTMYLQMNSLKPEDTAVYYCAQTARDSRDSRGQGTQVTVS S 182 3F59 QVQLQESGGGLVQPGGSLRLSCAASGFTFSSYAMSWVRLAPGKGLEWVSTINIAGGIT SYADSVKGRFTISRDNAKNTLYLQMNSLKPEDTAVYYCAKTAANWSAQRGQGTQVTVS S 183 4F78 QVQLQESGGGLVQPGGSLRLSCAASGFTFSSYAMSWVRQAPGKGLEWVSTINMGGGTT SYADSVKGRFTISRHNAKNTLYLQMNSLKPEDTAVYYCAKTAGNWSAQRGQGTQVTVS S 184 3F1 QVQLQESGGGLVQPGGSLRLSCAASGFTFSTSAMSWIRQPPGKAREVVATITSAGGSI TSYVNSVKGRFISRDNAKNTLYLQMNMLKPEDTAVYYCARLVNLAQTGQGTQVTVSS 185 3F65 QVQLQESGGGLVQPGGSLRLSCAASGFTFSTNAMSWIRQPPGKAREVVATITSAGGSI SYVNSVKGRFTISRDNAKNTLYLQMNMLKPEDTAVYYCARLVNLAQTGQGTQVTVSS

TABLE 6 Y. pestis F1 SAb DNA Sequences SEQ ID NO Name Sequence 186 3F55 CAGGTGCAGCTGCAGGAGTCTGGGGGAGGCTTGGTGCAGGCTGGGGGCTCTCTGAGACTCTCCT GTGCAGTTTCTGGAATGATGTACATTAGGGAGGCTATACGCTGGTACCGCCAGGCTCCAGGGAA GCAGCGCGAGTGGGTCGCCTTTGTAAGTAGTACTGGTAATCCACGCTATACAGACTCCGTGAAG GGCCGATTCACCATCTCCAGAGACAACGCCAAGAACACGGTGTATCTGCAAATGAACAGCCTGA CACCTGAGGACACGGCCGTCTATTACTGTAATACATACTTGGGCTCGAGGGACTACTGGGGCCA GGGGACCCAGGTCACCGTCTCCAGCGGCCGCTACCCGTACGACGTTCCGGACTACGGTTCCGGC CGAGCATAG 187 3F85 CAGGTGCAGCTGCAGGAGTCTGGAGGAGGCTTGGTGCAGCCTGGGGGGTCTCTGAGACTCTCCT GTGCAGTTTCTGGAATGATGTACATTAGGTACACTATGCGCTGGTACCGCCAGGCTCCAGGGAA GCAGCGCGAGTGGGTCGCCGTTGTAAGTAGTACTGGTAATCCACACTATGCAGACTCCGTGAAG GGCCGATTCACCATCTCCAGAGACAACGCCAAGAACACGGTGTATCTGCAAATGAACAGCCTGA CACCTGAGGACACGGCCGTCTATTACTGTAATACATACTTGGGCTCGAGGGACTACTGGGGCCA GGGGACCCAGGTCACCGTCTCCAGCGGCCGCTACCCGTACGACGTTCCGGACTACGGTTCCGGC CGAGCATAG 188 3F44 CAGGTGCAGCTGCAGGAGTCTGGGGGAGGCTTGGTGCGGCCTGGGGGGTCTCTGAGACTCTCCT GTGCAGTCTCTGGAAGAGCCGTCAATAGGTATCACATGCACTGGTACCGCCAGGCTCCAGGGAA GCAGCGCGAGTGGGTCACATTTATTAGTGTTGGTGGTACCACAAACTATGCAGGCTCCGTGAAG GGCCGATTCACCGTCTCCCGAGACAACGCCAAAAACACGCTGTATCTGCAAATGAACAGCCTGA AACCTGAGGACACGGCCGTCTATTACTGTAATTCAGCTGAATACTGGGGCCAGGGGACCCAGGT CACCGTCTCCAGCGGCCGCTACCCGTACGACGTTCCGGACTACGGTTCCGGCCGAGCATAG 189 4F34 CAGGTGCAGCTGCAGGAGTCTGGGGGAGGCTCGGTGCAGCCTGGGGGGTCTCTGAGCCTCTCCT GTTCAGCCTCTGGAATCATCTTCAGTGACTATGCCCTGACCTGGTACCGCCAGGCTCCAGGGAAG CAGCGCGAGTGGGTTGCACAGATTACGCGAAGTCAAAATATAAATTATACAGGATCCGTGAAGG GCCGATTCACCGTCTCCAGAGACAACGCCAAGAACACAGTGCATCTGCAAATGAACAGCCTGAA ACCTGAGGACACGGCCGTCTACTATTGTCATGCATATGACGGTCGACGCCCACCCTACTGGGGCC AGGGGACCCAGGTCACCGTCTCCAGCGGCCGCTACCCGTACGACGTTCCGGACTACGGTTCCGG CCGAGCATAG 190 4F6 CAGGTGCAGCTGCAGGAGTCTGGGGGAGGCTCGGTGCAGCCTGGGGGGTCTCTGAGCCTCTCCT GTTCAGCCTCTGGAATCATCTTCAGTGACTATGCCCTGACCTGGTACCGCCAGGCTCCAGGGAAG CAGCGCGAGTGGGTTGCACAGATTACGCGAAGCCAAAATATAAATTATACAGGATCCGTGAAGG GCCGATTCACCGTCTCCAGAGACAACGCCAAGAACACAGTGCATCTGCAAATGAACAGCCTGAA ACCTGAGGACACGGCCGTCTACTATTGTCATGCATATGACGGTCGACGCCGAACCTACTGGGGCC AGGGGACCCAGGTCACCGTCTCCAGCGGCCGCTACCCGTACGACGTTCCGGACTACGGTTCCGG CCGAGCATAG 191 4F1 CAGGTGCAGCTGCAGGAGTCTGGGGGAGGCTTGGTGCAGCCTGGGGGGTCTCTGAGCCTCTCCT GTTCAGCCTCTGGAATCATCTTCAGTGACTATGCCCTGACCTGGTACCGCCAGGCTCCAGGGAAG CAGCGCGAGTGGGTTGCACAGATTACGCGAAGCCAAAATATAAATTATACAGGATCCGTGAAGG GCCGATTCACCGTCTCCAGAGACAACGCCAAGAACACAGTGCATCTGCAAATGAACAGCCTGAA ACCTGAGGACACGGCCGTCTACTATTGTCATGCATATGACGGTCGACGCCCACCCTACTGGGGCC AGGGGACCCAGGTCACCGTCTCCAGCGGCCGCTACCCGTACGACGTTCCGGACTACGGTTCCGG CCGAGCATAG 192 3F31 CAGGTGCAGCTGCAGGAGTCTGGGGGAGGCTTGGTGCAGCCTGGGGGGTCTCTGAGCCTCTCCT GTTCAGCCTCTGGAATCATCTTCAGTGACTATGCCCTGACCTGGTACCGCCAGGCTCCAGGGAAG CAGCGCGAGTGGGTTGCACAGATTACGCGAAGGCAAAATATAAATTATACAGGATCCGTGAAGG GCCGATTCACCGTCTCCAGAGACAACGCCAAGAACACAGTGCATCTGCAAATGAACAGCCTGAA ACCTGAGGACACGGCCGTCTACTATTGTCATGCATATGACGGTCGACGATCACCCTACTGGGGCC AGGGGACCCAGGTCACCGTCTCCAGCGGCCGCTACCCGTACGACGTTCCGGACTACGGTTCCGG CCGAGCATAG 193 3F61 CAGGTGCAGCTGCAGGAGTCTGGGGGAGGCTTGGTGCAGCCTGGGGGGTCTCTGAGACTCTCCT GTTCAGCCTCTGGAATCATCTTCAGTGACTATGCCCTGACCTGGTACCGCCAGGCTCCAGGGAAG CAGCGCGAGTGGGTTGCACAGATTACGCGAAGTCAAAATATAAATTATACAGGATCCGTGAAGG GCCGATTCACCGTCTCCAGAGACAACGCCAAGAACACAGTGCATCTGCAAATGAACAGCCTGAA ACCTGAGGACGCGGCCGTCTACTATTGTCATGCATATGACGGTCGACGCCCACCCTACTGGGGCC AGGGGACCCAGGTCACCGTCTCCAGCGGCCGCTACCCGTACGACGTTCCGGACTACGGTTCCGG CCGAGCATAG 194 4F27 CAGGTGCAGCTGCAGGAGTCTGGGGGAGGCTTGGTGCAGCCTGGGGGGTCTCTGAGACTCTCCT GTGCAGCCTCTGCCCGCATCTTCAGTATCTATGCCATGGTATGGTACCGCCAGGCTCCAGGGAAG CAGCGCGAGTGGGTCGCAGCTATTACTACTGGTGGTACCACAAACTATGCAGACTCCGTGAAGG GCCGATTCACCATCTCCAGAGACAACGCCAAGAACACGGTGTATCTGCAAATGAACAGCCTGAA ACCTGAGGACACGGCCGTCTATTACTGTAATGCTCCGGGCTACTGGGGCCAGGGGACCCAGGTC ACCGTCTCCAGCGGCCGCTACCCGTACGACGTTCCGGACTACGGTTCCGGCCGAGCATAG 195 3F26 CAGGTGCAGCTGCAGGAGTCTGGGGGAGGCTTGGTGCAGCCTGGGGGGTCTCTGAGACTCTCCT GTGCAGCCTCTGGAGTCATCGCCAGTATCTCCGTCCTGCGCTGGTACCGCCAAACACCAGGAAAG ACGCGCGACTGGGTCGCAATTATTACTAGTGGTGGCAACACACGCTATGCAGACTCCGTGAAGG GCCGATTCACCACCTCCAGAGATAACGCCAGGAACACGGTGTATCTGCAAATGAACAGCCTGAA ACCTGAGGACACGGCCGTCTATTACTGTAATACACTTGTAGGAGCCAAGGACTACTGGGGCCAG GGGACCCAGGTCACCGTCTCCAGCGGCCGCTACCCGTACGACGTTCCGGACTACGGTTCCGGCCG AGCATAG 196 4F59 CAGGTGCAGCTGCAGGAGTCTGGGGGAGGCTTGGTGCGGCCTGGGGGATCTCTAAGACTCTCCT GTGAAGCCTCTGGAACCACCTTCAGAAGCCTCGTAATGAAATGGTACCGCCAGGCTCCAGGGAA GGAGCGCGAGTGGGTCGCATTTATTTCTAGTCCTGGTGATCGCACTCGCTACACAGAAGCCGTGA AGGGCCGATTCACCATCTCCAGAGACAATGCCAAGAACGCGCTGTATCTGCAAATGAACGGCCT GAAACCTGAGGACACGGCCGTGTATTATTGTAACGCGAACGGAATATACTGGGGCAAAGGGACC CAGGTCACCGTCTCCAGCGGCCGCTACCCGTACGACGTTCCGGACTACGGTTCCGGCCGAGCATA G 197 3F5 CAGGTGCAGCTGCAGGAGTCTGGGGGAGGCTTGGTGCAATCTGGGGATTCTCTGAGACTCTCCTG TGCAGCCTCTGGATTCACCTTCAGTAACTATGCTATGAGCTGGGTCCGCCAGGCTCCAGGAAAGG GGCTCGAGTGGGTCTCAACTATTAATAGTGGTGGTGGTAGCACAAGCTATGCGTACTCCGTGAAG GGCCGATTCACCATCTCCAGAGACAACGCCAAGAACACGCTGTATCTGCAAATGAACAGCCTGA AACCTGAGGACACGGCCGTGTATTACTGTGCAAAGACGGCCTCTCACATACCCTTGAGCCAGGG GACCCAGGTCACCGTCTCCAGCGGCCGCTACCCGTACGACGTTCCGGACTACGGTTCCGGCCGAG CATAG 198 4F57 CAGGTGCAGCTGCAGGAGTCTGGGGGAGGCTTGGTGCAACCTGGGGGTTCTCTGAGACTCTCCT GTGCAGCCTCTGGATTCACCTTCAGTAACTATGCTATGAGCTGGGTCCGCCAGGCTCCAGGAAAG GGGCTCGAGTGGGTCTCAACTATTAATATTGGTGGTGGTAGCACAAGCTATGCAGACTCCGTGAA GGGCCGATTCACCATCTCCAGAGACAACGCCAAGAACACGCTGTATCTGCAAATGAACAGCCTG AAACCTGAGGACACGGCCGTGTATTACTGTGCAAAGACGGCCTCTCACATACCCTTGAGCCAGG GGACCCAGGTCACCGTCTCCAGCGGCCGCTACCCGTACGACGTTCCGGACTACGGTTCCGGCCGA GCATAG 199 4F75 CAGGTGCAGCTGCAGGAGTCTGGGGGAGGCTTGGTGCAACCTGGGGGTTCTCTGAGACTCTCCT GTGCAGCCTCTGGATTCACCTTCAGGAACTATGCAATGAGCTGGGTCCGTCAGGCTCCAGGAAA GGGGCTCGAGTGGGTCTCAACTATTAATGGTGGTGGTGGTATCACAAGCTATGCAGACTCCGTG AAGGGCCGATTCACCATCTCCAGAGACAACGCCAAGAACACAATGTATCTGCAAATGAACAGCC TGAAACCTGAGGACACGGCCGTCTATTACTGTGCCCAAACCGCCCGCGATTCCCGCGATTCCCG GGGCCAGGGGACCCAGGTCACCGTCTCCAGCGGCCGCTACCCGTACGACGTTCCGGACTACGGTT CCGGCCGAGCATAG 200 3F59 CAGGTGCAGCTGCAGGAGTCTGGGGGAGGCTTGGTGCAACCTGGGGGTTCTCTGAGACTCTCCT GTGCAGCCTCTGGATTCACCTTCAGTAGCTATGCTATGAGCTGGGTCCGCCTGGCTCCAGGAAAG GGGCTCGAGTGGGTCTCAACTATTAATATCGCTGGTGGTATCACAAGCTATGCAGACTCCGTGAA GGGCCGATTCACCATCTCCAGAGACAACGCCAAGAACACGCTGTATCTGCAAATGAACAGCCTG AAACCTGAGGACACGGCCGTGTATTACTGTGCAAAAACGGCGGCCAACTGGAGCGCCCAGAGAG GCCAGGGGACCCAGGTCACCGTCTCCAGCGGCCGCTACCCGTACGACGTTCCGGACTACGGTTC CGGCCGAGCATAG 201 4F78 CAGGTGCAGCTGCAGGAGTCTGGGGGAGGCTTGGTGCAACCTGGGGGTTCTCTGAGACTCTCCT GTGCAGCCTCTGGATTCACCTTCAGTAGCTATGCTATGAGCTGGGTCCGCCAGGCTCCAGGAAA GGGGCTCGAGTGGGTCTCAACTATTAATATGGGTGGTGGTACCACAAGCTATGCAGACTCCGTG AAGGGCCGATTCACCATCTCCAGACACAACGCCAAGAACACGCTGTATCTGCAAATGAACAGCC TGAAACCTGAGGACACGGCCGTGTATTACTGTGCAAAAACGGCGGGCAACTGGAGCGCCCAGAG AGGCCAGGGGACCCAGGTCACCGTCTCCAGCGGCCGCTACCCGTACGACGTTCCGGACTACGGT TCCGGCCGAGCATAG 202 3F1 CAGGTGCAGCTGCAGGAGTCTGGGGGAGGCTTGGTGCAACCTGGGGGTTCTCTGAGACTGTCCT GTGCAGCCTCTGGATTCACCTTCAGTACAAGTGCCATGAGTTGGATCCGCCAGCCTCCAGGGAA GGCGCGCGAGGTGGTCGCAACTATTACTAGTGCTGGTGGTAGTATAAGTTATGTAAACTCCGTG AAGGGCCGATTCACCATCTCCAGAGACAACGCCAAGAACACGCTGTATCTGCAAATGAACATGC TGAAACCTGAGGACACGGCCGTGTATTACTGTGCCCGACTGGTCAACCTTGCCCAGACCGGCCA GGGAACCCAGGTCACCGTCTCCAGCGGCCGCTACCCGTACGACGTTCCGGACTACGGTTCCGGC CGAGCATAG 203 3F65 CAGGTGCAGCTGCAGGAGTCTGGGGGAGGCCTGGTGCAACCTGGGGGTTCTCTGAGACTGTCCT GTGCAGCCTCTGGATTCACCTTCAGTACAAATGCCATGAGTTGGATCCGCCAGCCTCCAGGGAA GGCGCGCGAGGTGGTCGCAACTATTACTAGTGCTGGTGGTAGTATAAGTTATGTAAACTCCGTG AAGGGCCGATTCACCATCTCCAGAGACAACGCCAAGAACACGCTGTATCTGCAAATGAACATGC TGAAACCTGAGGACACGGCCGTGTATTACTGTGCCCGACTGGTCAACCTTGCCCAGACCGGCCA GGGGACCCAGGTCACCGTCTCCAGCGGCCGCTACCCGTACGACGTTCCGGACTACGGTTCCGGC CGAGCATAG

TABLE 7 Y. pestis LcrV SAb Protein Sequences SEQ ID NO Name Sequence 204 1LCRV32 QVQLQESGGGMVEPGGSLRL SCAASGFRFSSYAMSWVRQA PGKGLERVSAINSDGDKTSY ADSVKGRFTISRDNARNTLY LQMSNLKPEDTAVYYCADRD LYCSGSMCKDVLGGARYDFR GQGTQVTVSS 205 2LCRV4 QVQLQESGGGLVEPGGSLRL SCAASGFRFSSYAMSWVRQA PGKGLERVSAINSDGDKTSY ADSVKGRFTISRDNARNTLY LQMSNLKPEDTAVYYCADRD LYCSGSMCKDVLGGARYDFR GQGTQVTVSS 206 2LCRV3 QVQLQESGGGMVEPGGSLRL SCAASGFRFSSYAMSWVRQA PGKGLERVSAINSDGDKTSY ADSVKGRFTISRDNARNTLY LQMNNLKPEDTAVYYCADRD LYCSGSMCKDVLGGARYDFR GQGTQVTVSS 207 1LCRV52 QVQLQESGGGLVQSGESLRL SCAASGLRFSSYAMSWVRQA PGKGLERVSAINSDGDKTSY ADSVKGRFTISRDNARNTLY LQMSNLKPEDTAVYYCADRD LYCSGSMCKDVLGGARYDFR GQGTQVTVSS 208 1LCRV4 QVQLQESGGGLVQPGGSLKL SCAASGFTFNWYTMAWYRQV PGEERKMVATITGASGDTKY ADSVKGRFTISRDNAKNTVT LQMNSLKPGDAAVYYCHAYL TYDSGSVKGVNYWGQGTQVT VSS 209 1LCRV13 QVQLQESGGGLVRPGGSLKL SCAASGFTFNWYTMAWYRQV PGEERKMVATITGASGDTKY ADSVKGRFTISRDNAKNTVT LQMNSLKPGDTAVYYCHAYL TYDSGSVKGVNYWGQGTQVT VSS 210 2LCRV1 QVQLQESGGGSVQPGGSLKL SCAASGFTFNWYTMAWYRQV PGEERKMVATITGASGDTKY ADSVKGRFTISRDNAKNTVT LQMNSLKPGDTAVYYCHAYL TYDSGSVKGVNYWGQGTQVT VSS 211 1LCRV81 QVQLQESGGGSVQPGGSLKL SCAASGFTFNWYTMAWYRQV PGEERKMVATITGASGDTKY ADSVKGRSTISRDNAKNTVT LQMNSLKPGDTAVYYCHACL TYDSGSVKGVNYWGQGTQVT VSS 212 1LCRV27 QVQLQESGGGFVQPGGSLKL SCAASGFTFNWYTMAWYRQV PGEERKMVATITGASGDTKY ADSVKGRFTISRDNAKNTVT LQMNSLKPGDTAVYYCHAYL TYDSGSVKGVNYWGQGTQVT VSS 213 1LCRV34 QVQLQESGGGLVQPGGS LKLSCAASGFTFNWYTM AWYRQVPGEERKMVATI TGASGDTKYADSVKGRF TISRDNAKNTVTLQMNS LKPGDTAVYYCHAYLTY DSGSAKGVNYWGQGTQV TVSS 214 1LCRV31 QVQLQESGGGLVQPGGS LGLSCAASGSLLNIYAM GWYRQAPGRQRELVATV TSSGTAEYADSVKGRFT ISRDNAKNTVYLQMNSL RPEDTGVYYCNAHLRYG DYVRGPPEYNYWGQGTQ VTVSS 215 1LCRV28 QVQLQESGGGLVQPGGS LRLSCAASGGTLGYYAI GWFRQAPGKEREAVSCI TSSDTSAYYADSAKGRF TISRDNAKNTMYLQMNN LKPEDTAVYYCAAGYYF RDYSDSYYYTGTGMKVW GKGTQVTVSS 216 2LCRV11 QVQLQESGGGLVQPGGS TRLSCAASGFTLDIYAI GWFRQAPGKEHEGVSWI VGNDGRTYYIDSVKGRF TISRDNAKNTVYLEMNS LKPEDTAVYYCAAKFWP RYYSGRPPVGRDGYDYW GQGTQVTVSS 217 1LCRV47 QVQLQESGGGLVQPGGS LILSCTISGASLRDRRV TWSRQGPGKSLEIIAVM APDYGVHYFGSLEGRVA VRGDVVKNTVYLQVNAL KPEDTAIYWCSMGNIRG LGTQVTVSS

TABLE 8 Y. pestis LcrV SAb DNA Sequences SEQ ID NO Name Sequence 218 1LCRV32 CAGGTGCAGCTGCAGGAGTCTGGGGGAGGCATGGTAGAACCTGGGGGTTCTCTGAGACTCTCCT GTGCAGCCTCTGGATTCCGCTTCAGTAGTTATGCTATGAGTTGGGTCCGCCAGGCTCCAGGAAAG GGGCTCGAGCGGGTCTCGGCTATTAATAGTGATGGTGATAAAACAAGCTATGCAGACTCCGTGA AGGGCCGATTTACCATCTCCAGAGACAACGCCAGGAACACGCTGTATCTGCAAATGAGCAACCT GAAACCTGAAGACACGGCCGTGTATTACTGTGCAGACCGAGATTTGTACTGTTCAGGCTCTATGT GTAAGGACGTCTTGGGGGGAGCACGCTATGACTTTCGGGGCCAGGGGACCCAGGTCACCGTCTC CAGCGGCCGCTACCCGTACGACGTTCCGGACTACGGTTCCGGCCGAGCATAG 219 2LCRV4 CAGGTGCAGCTGCAGGAGTCTGGAGGAGGCTTGGTAGAACCTGGGGGTTCTCTGAGACTCTCCT GTGCAGCCTCTGGATTCCGCTTCAGTAGTTATGCTATGAGTTGGGTCCGCCAGGCTCCAGGAAAG GGGCTCGAGCGGGTCTCAGCTATTAATAGTGATGGTGATAAAACAAGCTATGCAGACTCCGTGA AGGGCCGATTTACCATCTCCAGAGACAACGCCAGGAACACGCTGTATCTGCAAATGAGCAACCT GAAACCTGAAGACACGGCCGTGTATTACTGTGCAGACCGAGATTTGTACTGTTCAGGCTCTATGT GTAAGGACGTCTTGGGGGGAGCACGCTATGACTTTCGGGGCCAGGGGACCCAGGTCACCGTCTC CAGCGGCCGCTACCCGTACGACGTTCCGGACTACGGTTCCGGCCGAGCATAG 220 2LCRV3 CAGGTGCAGCTGCAGGAGTCTGGGGGAGGCATGGTAGAACCTGGGGGTTCTCTGAGACTCTCTTGT GCAGCCTCTGGATTCCGCTTCAGTAGTTATGCTATGAGTTGGGTCCGCCAGGCTCCAGGAAAGGGG CTCGAGCGGGTCTCGGCTATTAATAGTGATGGTGATAAAACAAGCTATGCAGACTCCGTGAAGGGC CGATTCACCATCTCCAGAGACAACGCCAGGAACACGCTGTATCTGCAAATGAACAACCTGAAACCT GAAGACACGGCCGTGTATTACTGTGCAGACCGAGATTTGTACTGTTCGGGCTCTATGTGTAAGGAC GTCTTGGGGGGAGCACGCTATGACTTTCGGGGCCAGGGGACCCAGGTCACCGTCTCCAGCGGCCGC TACCCGTACGACGTTCCGGACTACGGTTCCGGCCGAGCATAG 221 1LCRV52 CAGGTGCAGCTGCAGGAGTCTGGGGGAGGCTTGGTGCAGTCTGGCGAGTCTCTCAGACTCTCCTG TGCAGCCTCTGGACTCCGCTTCAGTAGTTATGCTATGAGTTGGGTCCGCCAGGCTCCAGGAAAGG GGCTCGAGCGGGTCTCGGCTATTAATAGTGATGGTGATAAAACAAGCTATGCAGACTCCGTGAA GGGCCGATTTACCATCTCCAGAGACAACGCCAGGAACACGCTGTATCTGCAAATGAGCAACCTG AAACCTGAAGACACGGCCGTGTATTACTGTGCAGACCGAGATTTGTACTGTTCAGGCTCTATGTG TAAGGACGTCTTGGGGGGAGCACGCTATGACTTTCGGGGCCAGGGGACCCAGGTCACCGTCTCC AGCGGCCGCTACCCGTACGACGTTCCGGACTACGGTTCCGGCCGAGCATAG 222 1LCRV4 CAGGTGCAGCTGCAGGAGTCTGGAGGAGGCCTGGTGCAGCCTGGGGGGTCTCTGAAACTCTCCT GTGCAGCCTCTGGATTCACCTTCAATTGGTATACCATGGCCTGGTATCGCCAGGTTCCAGGGGAG GAGCGCAAAATGGTCGCCACAATTACAGGTGCTAGTGGTGACACAAAATATGCAGACTCCGTGA AGGGCCGGTTCACCATCTCCAGAGACAATGCCAAGAACACGGTGACACTGCAAATGAACAGCCT TAAACCTGGAGACGCGGCCGTCTATTACTGTCATGCCTACCTAACCTACGACTCGGGGTCCGTCA AAGGAGTTAACTACTGGGGCCAGGGGACCCAGGTCACCGTCTCCAGCGGCCGCTACCCGTACGA CGTTCCGGACTACGGTTCCGGCCGAGCATAG 223 1LCRV13 CAGGTGCAGCTGCAGGAGTCTGGGGGAGGCTTGGTGCGGCCTGGGGGGTCTCTGAAACTCTCCT GTGCAGCCTCTGGATTCACCTTCAATTGGTATACCATGGCCTGGTATCGCCAGGTTCCAGGGGAG GAGCGCAAAATGGTCGCCACAATTACAGGTGCTAGTGGTGACACAAAATATGCAGACTCCGTGA AGGGCCGGTTCACCATCTCCAGAGACAATGCCAAGAACACGGTGACACTGCAAATGAACAGCCT TAAACCTGGAGACACGGCCGTCTATTACTGTCATGCCTACCTAACCTACGACTCGGGGTCCGTCA AAGGAGTTAACTACTGGGGCCAGGGGACCCAGGTCACCGTCTCCAGCGGCCGCTACCCGTACGA CGTTCCGGACTACGGTTCCGGCCGAGCATAG 224 2LCRV1 CAGGTGCAGCTGCAGGAGTCTGGGGGAGGCTCGGTGCAGCCTGGGGGGTCTCTGAAACTCTCCT GTGCAGCCTCTGGATTCACCTTCAATTGGTATACCATGGCCTGGTATCGCCAGGTTCCAGGGGAG GAGCGCAAAATGGTTGCCACAATTACAGGTGCTAGTGGTGACACAAAATATGCAGACTCCGTGA AGGGCCGGTTCACCATCTCCAGAGACAATGCCAAGAACACGGTGACACTGCAAATGAACAGCCT TAAACCTGGAGACACGGCCGTCTATTACTGTCATGCCTACCTAACCTACGACTCGGGGTCCGTCA AAGGAGTTAACTACTGGGGCCAGGGGACCCAGGTCACCGTCTCCAGCGGCCGCTACCCGTACGA CGTTCCGGACTACGGTTCCGGCCGAGCATAG 225 1LCRV81 CAGGTGCAGCTGCAGGAGTCTGGGGGAGGCTCGGTGCAGCCTGGGGGGTCTCTGAAACTCTCCT GTGCAGCCTCTGGATTCACCTTCAATTGGTATACCATGGCCTGGTATCGCCAGGTTCCAGGGGAG GAGCGCAAAATGGTCGCCACAATTACAGGTGCTAGTGGTGACACAAAATATGCAGACTCCGTGA AGGGCCGGTCCACCATCTCCAGAGACAATGCCAAGAACACGGTGACACTGCAAATGAACAGCCT TAAACCTGGAGACACGGCCGTCTATTACTGTCATGCCTGCCTAACCTACGACTCGGGGTCCGTCA AAGGAGTTAACTACTGGGGTCAGGGGACCCAGGTCACCGTCTCCAGCGGCCGCTACCCGTACGA CGTTCCGGACTACGGTTCCGGCCGAGCATAG 226 1LCRV27 CAGGTGCAGCTGCAGGAGTCTGGGGGAGGCTTCGTGCAGCCTGGGGGGTCTCTGAAACTCTCCT GTGCAGCCTCTGGATTCACCTTCAATTGGTATACCATGGCCTGGTATCGCCAGGTTCCAGGGGAG GAGCGCAAAATGGTCGCCACAATTACAGGTGCTAGTGGTGACACAAAATATGCAGACTCCGTGA AGGGCCGGTTCACCATCTCCAGAGACAATGCCAAGAACACGGTGACACTGCAAATGAACAGCCT TAAACCTGGAGACACGGCCGTCTATTACTGTCATGCCTACCTAACCTACGACTCGGGGTCCGTCA AAGGAGTTAACTACTGGGGCCAGGGGACCCAGGTCACCGTCTCCAGCGGCCGCTACCCGTACGA CGTTCCGGACTACGGTTCCGGCCGAGCATAG 227 1LCRV34 CAGGTGCAGCTGCAGGAGTCTGGGGGAGGCCTGGTGCAGCCTGGGGGGTCTCTGAAACTCTCCT GTGCAGCCTCTGGATTCACCTTCAATTGGTATACCATGGCCTGGTATCGCCAGGTTCCAGGGGAG GAGCGCAAAATGGTCGCCACAATTACAGGTGCTAGTGGTGACACAAAATATGCAGACTCCGTGA AGGGCCGGTTCACCATCTCCAGAGACAATGCCAAGAACACGGTGACACTGCAAATGAACAGCCT TAAACCTGGAGACACGGCCGTCTATTACTGTCATGCCTACCTAACCTACGACTCGGGGTCCGCCA AAGGAGTTAACTACTGGGGCCAGGGGACCCAGGTCACCGTCTCCAGCGGCCGCTACCCGTACGA CGTTCCGGACTACGGTTCCGGCCGAGCATAG 228 1LCRV31 CAGGTGCAGCTGCAGGAGTCTGGGGGAGGCTTGGTGCAGCCTGGGGGGTCTCTAGGACTCTCCT GTGCAGCCTCTGGAAGCCTCTTAAATATCTATGCCATGGGCTGGTACCGCCAGGCTCCAGGGAGA CAGCGCGAGTTGGTCGCAACTGTAACGAGTAGTGGAACCGCAGAATATGCAGACTCCGTGAAGG GCCGATTCACCATCTCTAGAGACAACGCCAAGAACACGGTGTATCTGCAAATGAACAGCCTGAG ACCTGAGGACACGGGCGTCTATTACTGTAATGCACATCTCAGATATGGCGACTATGTCCGTGGCC CTCCGGAGTATAACTACTGGGGCCAGGGGACCCAGGTCACCGTCTCCAGCGGCCGCTACCCGTA CGACGTTCCGGACTACGGTTCCGGCCGAGCATAG 229 1LCRV28 CAGGTGCAGCTGCAGGAGTCTGGGGGAGGCTTGGTGCAGCCTGGGGGGTCTCTGAGACTCTCCT GTGCAGCCTCTGGAGGCACTTTGGGTTACTATGCCATAGGCTGGTTCCGCCAGGCCCCAGGGAAG GAGCGCGAGGCGGTCTCCTGTATTACTAGTAGTGACACTAGCGCATACTATGCAGACTCCGCGA AGGGCCGATTCACCATCTCCAGAGACAACGCCAAGAACACGATGTATCTGCAAATGAACAACCT GAAACCTGAGGACACAGCCGTTTATTACTGTGCAGCCGGTTACTATTTTAGAGACTATAGTGACA GTTACTACTACACGGGGACGGGTATGAAAGTCTGGGGCAAAGGGACCCAGGTCACCGTCTCCAG CGGCCGCTACCCGTACGACGTTCCGGACTACGGTTCCGGCCGAGCATAG 230 2LCRV11 CAGGTGCAGCTGCAGGAGTCTGGGGGAGGCTTGGTGCAGCCTGGGGGGTCTACGAGACTCTCCT GTGCAGCCTCTGGATTCACTTTGGATATTTATGCTATAGGCTGGTTCCGCCAGGCCCCAGGGAAG GAGCATGAGGGGGTCTCGTGGATTGTTGGTAATGATGGTAGGACATACTACATAGACTCCGTGA AGGGCCGATTCACCATCTCCAGAGACAACGCCAAGAACACGGTGTATCTTGAAATGAACAGCCT GAAACCTGAGGATACAGCCGTTTATTACTGCGCAGCTAAGTTCTGGCCCCGATATTATAGTGGTA GGCCTCCAGTAGGGAGGGATGGCTATGACTATTGGGGCCAGGGGACCCAGGTCACCGTCTCCAG CGGCCGCTACCCGTACGACGTTCCGGACTACGGTTCCGGCCGAGCATAG 231 1LCRV47 CAGGTGCAGCTGCAGGAGTCTGGGGGAGGCTTGGTGCAGCCTGGCGGGTCTCTGATACTCTCCTG TACAATCTCGGGAGCCTCGCTCCGAGACCGACGCGTCACCTGGAGTCGCCAAGGTCCAGGGAAA TCGCTTGAGATCATCGCAGTTATGGCGCCGGATTACGGGGTCCATTACTTTGGCTCCCTGGAGGG GCGAGTTGCCGTCCGAGGAGACGTCGTCAAGAATACAGTATATCTCCAAGTAAACGCCCTGAAA CCCGAAGACACAGCCATCTATTGGTGCAGTATGGGGAATATCCGGGGCCTGGGGACCCAGGTCA CCGTCTCCAGCGGCCGCTACCCGTACGACGTTCCGGACTACGGTTCCGGCCGAGCATAG

TABLE 9 F1 SAb Groups Group Name SEQ ID NO 1 3F55, 3F85 168, 169 2 3F44 170 3 3F31, 3F61, 4F1, 4F6, 4F34 171-175 4 4F27 176 5 3F26 177 6 4F59 178 7 3F5, 4F57 179-180 8 4F75 181 9 3F59, 4F78 182-183 10 3F1, 3F65 184-185

TABLE 10 LcrV SAb Groups Group Name SEQ ID NO 1 1LCRV32, 2LCRV4, 2LCRV3, 1LCRV52 204-207 2 1CLRV4, 1LCRV13, 2LCRV1, 1LCRV81, 208-213 1LCRV27, 1LCRV34 3 1LCRV31 214 4 1LCRV28 215 5 2LCRV11 216 6 1LCRV47 217

TABLE 11 Binding Kinetics of LcrV and F1 Sabs BIACORE K_(D) Microcal K_(D) Name SEQ ID NO (nM) (nM) 1LCRV13 209 0.00063 3.2 1LCRV28 215 0.19 0.20 1LCRV31 214 0.0019 0.76 1LCRV32 204 22 26 1LCRV47 217 >1000 no heat 1LCRV81 211 3.5 Error 2LCRV11 216 8.2 Error 3F1 184 97 110 3F5 179 47 83 3F26 177 — — 3F44 170 — — 3F55 168 2.2 190 3F59 182 5.9 no heat 3F61 175 68 290 3F85 169 15 110 4F1 173 520 error 4F6 172 34 80 4F27 176 — — 4F34 171 390 error 4F59 178 27 83 4F75 181 6/9  error 4F78 183 6/28 error

TABLE 12 Binding Constants of LcrV SAbs Name SEQ ID NO k_(a) (M⁻¹ s⁻¹) k_(d) (s⁻¹) K_(D) (nM) 1LCRV13 209 2.5 × 10⁵ 1.6 × 10⁻⁶ 0.00063 1LCRV28 215 4.3 × 10⁵ 8.1 × 10⁻⁵ 0.19 1LCRV31 214 1.7 × 10⁵ 3.1 × 10⁻⁷ 0.0019 1LCRV32 204 3.4 × 10⁵ 7.3 × 10⁻³ 22 1LCRV47 217 n.b. n.b. — 1LCRV81 211 1.8 × 10⁵ 6.3 × 10⁻⁴ 3.5 2LCRV11 216 8.8 × 10⁵ 7.2 × 10⁻³ 8.2

Although specific embodiments have been described in detail in the foregoing description and illustrated in the drawings, various other embodiments, changes, and modifications to the disclosed embodiment(s) will become apparent to those skilled in the art. All such other embodiments, changes, and modifications are intended to come within the spirit and scope of the appended claims. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A single-domain antibody against Yersinia pestis (Y. pestis) F1 protein comprising: a first framing region (“FR”) sequence comprising SEQ ID No:90; a first complementarity determining region (“CDR”) sequence comprising SEQ ID No:18 or SEQ ID No:19; a second FR sequence comprising SEQ ID No:114, the first CDR sequence being positioned between the first FR sequence and the second FR sequence; a second CDR sequence comprising SEQ ID No:47; a third FR sequence comprising SEQ ID No: 137, the second CDR sequence being positioned between the second FR sequence and the third FR sequence; a third CDR sequence comprising SEQ ID No.71; and a fourth FR sequence comprising SEQ ID No:152, the third CDR sequence being positioned between the third FR sequence and the fourth FR sequence.
 2. The single-domain antibody of claim 1, further comprising: at least one of a protein tag, a protein domain tag, or a chemical tag. 